Second Foundation 18. Ghost of a World

Trantor was a world in dregs and rebirth. Set like a faded jewel in the midst of the bewildering crowd of suns at the center of the Galaxy – in the heaps and clusters of stars piled high with aimless prodigality – it alternately dreamed of past and future. Time had been when the insubstantial ribbons of control had stretched out from its metal coating to the very edges of stardom. It had been a single city, housing four hundred billion administrators; the mightiest capital that had ever been. Until the decay of the Empire eventually reached it and in the Great Sack of a century ago, its drooping powers had been bent back upon themselves and broken forever. In the blasting ruin of death, the metal shell that circled the planet wrinkled and crumpled into an aching mock of its own grandeur. The survivors tore up the metal plating and sold it to other planets for seed and cattle. The soil was uncovered once more and the planet returned to its beginnings. In the spreading areas of primitive agriculture, it forgot its intricate and colossal past. Or would have but for the still mighty shards that heaped their massive ruins toward the sky in bitter and dignified silence. Arcadia watched the metal rim of the horizon with a stirring of the heart. The village in which the Palvers lived was but a huddle of houses to her – small and primitive. The fields that surrounded it were golden-yellow, wheat-cIogged tracts. But there, just past the reaching point was the memory of the past, still glowing in unrusted splendor, and burning with fire where the sun of Trantor caught it in gleaming highlights. She had been there once during the months since she had arrived at Trantor. She had climbed onto the smooth, unjointed pavement and ventured into the silent dust-streaked structures, where the light entered through the jags of broken walls and partitions. It had been solidified heartache. It had been blasphemy. She had left, clangingly – running until her feet pounded softly on earth once more. And then she could only look back longingly. She dared not disturb that mighty brooding once more. Somewhere on this world, she knew, she had been born – near the old Imperial Library, which was the veriest Trantor of Trantor. It was the sacred of the sacred; the holy of holies! Of all the world, it alone had survived the Great Sack and for a century it had remained complete and untouched; defiant of the universe. There Hari Seldon and his group had woven their unimaginable web. There Ebling Mis pierced the secret, and sat numbed in his vast surprise, until he was killed to prevent the secret from going further. There at the Imperial Library, her grandparents had lived for ten years, until the Mule died, and they could return to the reborn Foundation. There at the Imperial Library, her own father returned with his bride to find the Second Foundation once again, but failed. There, she had been born and there her mother had died. She would have liked to visit the Library, but Preem Palver shook his round head. â€Å"It's thousands of miles, Arkady, and there's so much to do here. Besides, it's not good to bother there. You know; it's a shrine-â€Å" But Arcadia knew that he had no desire to visit the Library; that it was a case of the Mule's Palace over again. There was this superstitious fear on the part of the pygmies of the present for the relies of the giants of the past. Yet it would have been horrible to feel a grudge against the funny little man for that. She had been on Trantor now for nearly three months and in all that time, he and she – Pappa and Mamma – had been wonderful to her- And what was her return? Why, to involve them in the common ruin. Had she warned them that she was marked for destruction, perhaps? No! She let them assume the deadly role of protectors. Her conscience panged unbearably – yet what choice had she? She stepped reluctantly down the stairs to breakfast. The voices reached her. Preem Palver had tucked the napkin down his shirt collar with a twist of his plump neck and had reached for his poached eggs with an uninhibited satisfaction. â€Å"I was down in the city yesterday, Mamma,† he said, wielding his fork and nearly drowning the words with a capacious mouthful. â€Å"And what is down in the city, Pappa?† asked Mamma indifferently, sitting down, looking sharply about the table, and rising again for the salt. â€Å"Ah, not so good. A ship came in from out Kalgan-way with newspapers from there. It's war there.† â€Å"War! So! Well, let them break their heads, if they have no more sense inside. Did your pay check come yet? Pappa, I'm telling you again. You warn old man Cosker this isn't the only cooperative in the world. It's bad enough they pay you what I'm ashamed to tell my friends, but at least on time they could be!† â€Å"Time; shmime,† said Pappa, irritably. â€Å"Look, don't make me silly talk at breakfast, it should choke me each bite in the throat,† and he wreaked havoc among the buttered toast as he said it. He added, somewhat more moderately, â€Å"The fighting is between Kalgan and the Foundation, and for two months, they've been at it.† His hands lunged at one another in mock-representation of a space fight. â€Å"Um-m-m. And what's doing?† â€Å"Bad for the Foundation. Well, you saw Kalgan; all soldiers. They were ready. The Foundation was not, and so – poof!† And suddenly, Mamma laid down her fork and hissed, â€Å"Fool!† â€Å"Huh?† â€Å"Dumb-head! Your big mouth is always moving and wagging.† She was pointing quickly and when Pappa looked over his shoulder, there was Arcadia, frozen in the doorway. She said, â€Å"The Foundation is at war?† Pappa looked helplessly at Mamma, then nodded. â€Å"And they're losing?† Again the nod. Arcadia felt the unbearable catch in her throat, and slowly approached the table. â€Å"Is it over?† she whispered. â€Å"Over?† repeated Pappa, with false heartiness. â€Å"Who said it was over? In war, lots of things can happen. And†¦ and-â€Å" â€Å"Sit down, darling,† said Mamma, soothingly. â€Å"No one should talk before breakfast. You're not in a healthy condition with no food in the stomach.† But Arcadia ignored her. â€Å"Are the Kalganians on Terminus?† â€Å"No,† said Pappa, seriously. â€Å"The news is from last week, and Terminus is still fighting. This is honest. I'm telling the truth. And the Foundation is still strong. Do you want me to get you the newspapers?† â€Å"Yes!† She read them over what she could eat of her breakfast and her eyes blurred as she read. Santanni and Korell were gone – without a fight. A squadron of the Foundation's navy had been trapped in the sparsely-sunned Ifni sector and wiped out to almost the last ship. And now the Foundation was back to the Four-Kingdom core – the original Realm which had been built up under Salvor Hardin, the first mayor. But still it fought – and still there might be a chance-and whatever happened, she must inform her father. She must somehow reach his ear. She must! But how? With a war in the way. She asked Pappa after breakfast, â€Å"Are you going out on a new mission soon, Mr. Palver?† Pappa was on the large chair on the front lawn, sunning himself. A fat cigar smoldered between his plump fingers and he looked like a beatific pug-dog. â€Å"A mission?† he repeated, lazily. â€Å"Who knows? It's a nice vacation and my leave isn't up. Why talk about new missions? You're restless, Arkady?† â€Å"Me? No, I like it here. You're very good to me, you and Mrs. Palver.† He waved his hand at her, brushing away her words. Arcadia said, â€Å"I was thinking about the war.† â€Å"But don't think about it. What can you do? If it's something you can't help, why hurt yourself over it?† â€Å"But I was thinking that the Foundation has lost most of its farming worlds. They're probably rationing food there.† Pappa looked uncomfortable. â€Å"Don't worry. It'll be all right.† She scarcely listened. â€Å"I wish I could carry food to them, that's what. You know after the Mule died, and the Foundation rebelled, Terminus was just about isolated for a time and General Han Pritcher, who succeeded the Mule for a while was laying siege to it. Food was running awfully low and my father says that his father told him that they only had dry amino-acid concentrates that tasted terrible. Why, one egg cost two hundred credits. And then they broke the siege just in time and food ships came through from Santanni. It must have been an awful time. Probably it's happening all over, now.† There was a pause, and then Arcadia said, â€Å"You know, I'll bet the Foundation would be willing to pay smuggler's prices for food now. Double and triple and more. Gee, if any co-operative, f'r instance, here on Trantor took over the job, they might lose some ships, but, I'll bet they'd be war millionaires before it was over. The Foundation Traders in the old days used to do that all the time. There'd be a war, so they'd sell whatever was needed bad and take their chances. Golly, they used to make as much as two million dollars out of one trip – profit. That was just out of what they could carry on one ship, too.† Pappa stirred. His cigar had gone out, unnoticed. â€Å"A deal for food, huh? Hm-m-m- But the Foundation is so far away.† â€Å"Oh, I know. I guess you couldn't do it from here. If you took a regular liner you probably couldn't get closer than Massena or Smushyk, and after that you'd have to hire a small scoutship or something to slip you through the lines.† Pappa's hand brushed at his hair, as he calculated. *** Two weeks later, arrangements for the mission were completed. Mamma railed for most of the time – First, at the incurable obstinacy with which he courted suicide. Then, at the incredible obstinacy with which he refused to allow her to accompany him. Pappa said, â€Å"Mamma, why do you act like an old lady. I can't take you. It's a man's work. What do you think a war is? Fun? Child's play?† â€Å"Then why do you go? Are you a man, you old fool – with a leg and half an arm in the grave. Let some of the young ones go – not a fat bald-head like you?† â€Å"I'm not a bald-head,† retorted Pappa, with dignity. â€Å"I got yet lots of hair. And why should it not be me that gets the commission? Why, a young fellow? Listen, this could mean millions?† She knew that and she subsided. Arcadia saw him once before he left. She said, â€Å"Are you going to Terminus?† â€Å"Why not? You say yourself they need bread and rice and potatoes. Well, I'll make a deal with them, and they'll get it.† â€Å"Well, then – just one thing: If you're going to Terminus, could you†¦ would you see my father?† And Pappa's face crinkled and seemed to melt into sympathy, â€Å"Oh – and I have to wait for you to tell me. Sure, I'll see him. I'll tell him you're safe and everything's O.K., and when the war is over, I'll bring you back.† â€Å"Thanks. I'll tell you how to find him. His name is Dr. Toran Darell and he lives in Stanmark. That's just outside Terminus City, and you can get a little commuting plane that goes there. We're at 55 Channel Drive.† â€Å"Wait, and I'll write it down.† â€Å"No, no,† Arcadia's arm shot out. â€Å"You mustn't write anything down. You must remember – and find him without anybody's help.† Pappa looked puzzled. Then he shrugged his shoulders. â€Å"All right, then. It's 55 Channel Drive in Stanmark, outside Terminus City, and you commute there by plane. All right?† â€Å"One other thing.† â€Å"Yes?† â€Å"Would you tell him something from me?† â€Å"Sure.† â€Å"I want to whisper it to you.† He leaned his plump cheek toward her, and the little whispered sound passed from one to the other. Pappa's eyes were round. â€Å"That's what you want me to say? But it doesn't make sense.† â€Å"He'll know what you mean. Just say I sent it and that I said he would know what it means. And you say it exactly the way I told you. No different. You won't forget it?† â€Å"How can I forget it? Five little words. Look-â€Å" â€Å"No, no.† She hopped up and down in the intensity of her feelings. â€Å"Don't repeat it. Don't ever repeat it to anyone. Forget all about it except to my father. Promise me.† Pappa shrugged again. â€Å"I promise! All right!† â€Å"All right,† she said, mournfully, and as he passed down the drive to where the air taxi waited to take him to the spaceport, she wondered if she had signed his death warrant. She wondered if she would ever see him again. She scarcely dared to walk into the house again to face the good, kind Mamma. Maybe when it was all over, she had better kill herself for what she had done to them.

Possible Solutions to Self-Harm

[Enter title here] A large number of people in western society have found self-mutilation as a means to â€Å"escape† from the problem’s haunting their everyday life. The act of cutting oneself has been proven to release chemical compounds into the body to momentarily clear the mind of such problems. These compounds, known as endorphins, relieve the body of whatever tension and stress that is undergone in the individual’s life.Harming one’s self is a serious problem that must be assessed and treated in an appropriate manner that will not only stop the act within the individual but also remove the source of such trauma in their life. The cause of such actions has been known to come in from a large multitude of personal problems. Problems such as an unsuitable household, difficulties within a person’s social background, or even the image they see within themselves. Professor Keith Hawton oversaw a study taken over the amount of adolescents who admitte d to inflicting harm upon themselves.His survey took place in forty-one schools involving 6,020 subjects aged fifteen to sixteen. The results were that â€Å"398 (6. 8%) participants reported an act of deliberate self harm in the past year† (Hawton 2002). According to the results, more females admitted to this act than males. Of those females who were accountable to deliberate self-harm, they confessed the causes being their â€Å"friends, self harm by family members, drug misuse, depression, anxiety, impulsivity, and low self esteem† (Hawton 2002).The factors found within the males were drug use, suicidal behavior found within their friends and family, and low self-esteem. Patricia and Peter Adler discuss the effects that undergone by the individual through the expectations of those around that person. In their writing, â€Å"The Glorified Self† the Adlers present how a society creates an image of those within it and the pressure placed upon those people create an inner conflict â€Å"between their desire for recognition, flattery, and importance and the inclination to keep feeding this self-affirming element† (Adler 195).As society continues to surround the individual, the pressure increases as the person begins to take on a role which they may not feel is best suited for them, yet must be upheld in order to feel better accepted within their society. Such expectations are found in those closest to that person: parents, siblings, friends or anyone who could affect that person’s life. These expectations can create a dilemma within the individual, whether they wish to be who they want or who they are required to be.Through the burden of deciding on they wish to become, the troubled person begins to turn away from the sources of their problems and look for a quick escape. That escape varies among the individual experiencing such complications in their life, anything from substance abuse to physically abusing their own body. The human body finds whatever means necessary in order to cope with the difficulties presented in their life. This coping mechanism is the brain’s way of releasing the stress that builds up over time from dealing with whatever obstacles that are laid out before the person.In order to stop such actions taking place, the source of the problem(s) must then be removed, or tuned down enough to no longer give the desire for the person to find a momentary escape. Removing all sources of responsibilities in a person’s life is nearly impossible. Instead of removing the source of the problem, a more possible solution is to show the people undergoing such problems that they aren’t alone in their responsibilities. Giving out a hand to those in need will show them that they don’t need to hold their problems to themselves.Encourage a troubled individual to express their fears, problems, and concerns in hopes that in doing so, that person may then be able to realize that a s tough as things may be, they are never alone. Another way to relieve stress in a positive manner is meditation. True this seems like it won’t do much, but â€Å"that small amount of peace in your day can help you deal with or even release stress† (Alvarez 2012). There are countless ways to combat the problems in an individual’s life, remedies that expand anywhere from eating healthy to taking a few minutes in their day to meditate or exercise.Sources Cited Adler, Patricia A. , and Peter Adler. â€Å"The Glorified Self. †Ã‚  Social Theory. Ed. Roberta Garner. 2nd ed. [S. l. ]: Univ Of Toronto, 2009. 195-207. Print. Alvarez, Manny. â€Å"10 Ways to Relieve Stress Naturally. † Newsgroup. Fox News. Fox News, 9 Aug. 2012. Web. 31 Mar. 2013. Hawton, Keith. â€Å"Deliberate Self Harm in Adolescents: Self Report Survey in Schools in England. †Ã‚  Ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/. National Center for Biotechnology Information, 23 Nov. 2002. Web. 31 Mar. 2013.

A Calm Mind Is A Healthy Mind

A Calm Mind Is A Healthy Mind For many people, a low-grade amount of stress is a part of everyday life. So, they may not recognize that it has a negative impact on their overall health. Studies have shown that feeling stress or anxiety on a long-term basis doesn’t just affect your peace of mind. In fact, you’re more likely to suffer from things like digestive issues and a weak immune system if your mind is persistently stressed. Cortisol, the hormone your body produces when you’re feeling stressed, can take a heavy toll on your physical and mental health. Because of this, giving your mind time to relax and recover is one of the most important self-care routines that you can practice. Your state of mind has the potential to greatly benefit your health, or degrade it, over time. Digestion Your liver produces glucose to give you an energy boost when your body is feeling the effects of stress. Whatever your body doesn’t use is then reabsorbed. However, if you’re suffering from chronic stress, your body may not be able to keep up with the extra blood sugar your liver is producing. You may be at an increased risk of developing type-2 diabetes if your body is producing too much glucose. You’re more likely to have heartburn or acid reflux if you suffer from stress. Stress doesn’t cause ulcers, but it may cause pre-existing ulcers to act up. Sexuality and Reproductive System Stress affects the menstrual cycles of some women. You may have irregular or even non-existent periods or more painful or heavier cycles. Too much stress may magnify the physical symptoms of menopause for women. For men, prolonged periods of stress can result in a drop of testosterone levels, erectile dysfunction and even impotency. For many, the loss of sexual appetite is a common occurrence as a result of too much stress. Immune System Stress is known to stimulate the immune system, which is good if it’s short-term because it helps your body stave off infection and heals wounds. But if you’re stressed for prolonged periods of time, cortisol compromises your immune system. This inhibits histamine secretion and your body’s inflammatory response to foreign dangers. People who are affected by chronic stress are more likely to catch viral illnesses like the common cold. It also takes more time for the body to recover from injuries or illness, if you’re chronically stressed. Relaxation Techniques to Calm Your Mind There are numerous techniques for calming your mind. For some, exercise is an excellent outlet to give their mind time to recharge. Meditation is a well known method for clearing your mind. There are many different styles of meditation, tailored to suit your needs and lifestyle. Remember to focus on the positives rather than focusing on everything that’s going wrong around you. Practice self love and compassion and acknowledge your reality rather than criticizing yourself. Set daily routines that will provide a day-to-day sense of peace and comfort that you can use to escape the stresses of everyday life, even if it’s just for a few minutes each day. The well-being of your mind plays a very significant role in your health, physically and mentally. Maintaining a peaceful state of mind is one of the best ways to protect your body from the negative effects of stress. Remember that stress and anxiety are inevitable hurdles everyone deals with. It’s how you manage the stresses of your everyday life that’s important. It’s also the key to overcoming them.

Operations Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Operations Management - Essay Example The researcher states that in order to achieve and sustain a competitive edge in the market environment, every firm must attempt to achieve consistency in its manufacturing or service delivery in all aspects. Therefore, the firm must identify areas that are necessary for inclusion in the operations management plan; plan on the approach to take in order to achieve the stated objectives; implement the strategy in accordance to the guidelines formulated in the planning stage; monitor the process; and improve by making corrections and adjustments to the process. If a firm can succeed in maintaining the operations management cycle for a sustained long period, then the firm is likely to achieve long term success due to preparedness to keep up and cope with market changes. Market changes include both macroeconomic and microeconomic market changes, both of which have an effect on a firm’s operations. Macroeconomic factors include changes in the aggregate economy of a vast geographical region including political changes; economic changes; social changes; technological changes; ethical changes and legal changes. Economic factors include the effects of the economy on business; social factors include changes in beliefs and perceptions as they relate to the business; technological factors centre the changes that affect the production process. Ethical factors include changes in perceptions of the difference between moral rights or wrongs; and legal factors are aspects of policy and legislation that have direct or indirect effects on the market. Microeconomic factors are the changes that occur in the market or industry and involve stakeholders like customers, suppliers, competitors and the public (Wong and Wong, 2007). A company must endeavour to satisfy the needs of customers, who are the core source of revenue for business; and attract and retain the attention of the public, which is composed of potential customers and investors. In addition, a company should build i ts credit worth to increase the likelihood of obtaining credit from suppliers even in the absence of funds to make cash purchases (Grafton, Lillis and Widener, 2010). The general idea is that a company should strive to align its inner environment with the changes in the outer environment. According to Slack, Chambers and Johnston (2007), a company should identify its level of success in the five main performance indicators including price, quality, speed, dependability and flexibility. This essay highlights the advantages and disadvantages of basing a performance management system on these five operations objectives. Implementation The first step towards implementation of a performance management system based on the five core performance indicators is an analysis of a company’s current performance against the expected performance. The aim of implementing such a system is to narrow down or close the gap between these two phenomena; the strategy being the use of these indicator s to achieve and retain a competitive edge in the face of a rapidly changing market. However, many scholars argue that the system should not be geared on achieving full functionality but a firm should focus on one aspect and do it to its best capacity. Specialisation enables a firm to perfect one aspect of its performance and uses it to outdo the competition in the market; especially by having a competitive edge derived from its effectiveness to achieve the optimal result in a performance indicator. However, using price, quality, speed, dependability and flexibility has merits and demerits (Zeydan and Colpan, 2009). Cost Optimisation of the performance indicator of cost has direct monetary benefits to a firm, as it enables the firm to reduce the cost of production by cutting down on inputs, mainly by adopting the use of cheaper alternatives or by reducing the quantity of input but maintaining the production output. In this case, the firm has the capacity to achieve high profit margi ns due to a higher difference between revenue and expenditure. Moreover, it has

Paper converters Ltd Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words - 2

Paper converters Ltd - Essay Example an be certain organizational elements, such as culture, that can highly affect the performance of organizational plans, either in the short or the long term, no matter the capabilities of organizational leader. The review of the terms of the merger leads to the assumption that the specific strategic decision was quite necessary, in order for the position of the two firms in their industry to be secured. Still, the lack of appropriate planning of the relevant initiative has an important implication: the actual benefits of the merger have been less than initially estimated, a problem that has been related to cultural problems both at organizational and at national level. The problem has become clearer when the firm, Paper Converters, decided to expand to Zambia. A series of measures, especially in regard to training and motivation, across the organization should be taken so that the position of the firm in the international market to be secured. Current report aims to show the reasons that can lead mergers to fail. Particular emphasis is given on the post – merger effects on firms that are interested in expand internationally. In addition, the report provides a series of recommendations in regard to the effective control and management of post merger effects. Reference is made in particular to Paper Converters; however, the findings and the recommendations presented in the study can be used for facing similar challenges. As noted in the case study, Paper Converters has been created from the merger between Dyson Papers Ltd and Jones Sales Agents Ltd. The merger was completed in 1988. The first of these companies had been established in Corby in 1983 as a result of the incentives provided then by the government for the creation of businesses in the particular region (case study). The second firm, the Jones Sales Agents Ltd, was based in Stevenage, about 60 miles far from Dyson Papers (case study). The physical distance between the two firms was considered as an

Sexual Harassment Case Analyzes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sexual Harassment Case Analyzes - Essay Example An analysis of the internal and external environmental factors over time to isolate causal factors suggests that the Human Resource Department failed to rightly augment its position to the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission on Winthrop's sexual harassment charges. If the letter from the company Vice President of Human Resources to EEOC had substantially provided the details of the specific termination and charges, including the specifics of the sexual harassment against Jim Hudson, company's policy on sexual harassment, the statement from Mary Harper Jones concerning the events, etc., the present problem would not have arisen. Another significant cause for the recent problem is that the company failed to effectively convince the EEOC on the Company's handling of Winthrop's termination. In another consideration of the problem, it is also clear that the Company's position on the issue could have more emphatically presented before the commission which would also alleviate the curre nt issue. As the company has concluded that some form of 'injury' has been suffered by the claimant, its position on the matter can well be justified. As the company has strong evidence for the sexual harassment complaint by Jim Hudson, its stand on the current sexual harassment charges by Bill Winthrop on Jones firmer before the commission. ... bility insurance covers the financial cost of a sexual harassment claim, it can't repair the damage to employee morale, or compensate for the public embarrassment and ridicule a company may suffer." (Understanding Sexual Harassment) Therefore, the company needed to be more vigilant and careful in handling the sexual harassment proceedings by Winthrop. Step 3: Alternative Solutions The prime alternative solution to the issue is to provide an apt reply to the request for additional information from EEOC to standard valve & gauge. This can be best done by providing the statement from Mary Harper Jones concerning the events, the company's policy on sexual harassment, the company's policy on discipline and discharge, the personnel files of the two parties concerned, and other specifics required in the the request for additional information by EEOC. The company also can make a further investigation on any complaints reports to the management by the Charging Party about being sexually harassed. Another possible alternative solution to the Department is to make more extensive and detailed investigations on the sexual harassment attack on Jones by Winthrop and submit the conclusions of the enquiry to the commission. Step 4: Select the Best Alternative. The best solution to the present problem is that the Human Resource Department of the company adopts an ever-stronger position on the sexual harassment charges by Jones on Winthrop, substantiating the position by affirming the company's policy on sexual harassment, the company's policy on discipline and discharge etc and by providing more convincing evidences of the sexual harassment by Winthrop. As the company is facing a fresh and counter charge of sexual harassment by Winthrop, which has never been reported before, the

Islamic Center Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Islamic Center Proposal - Essay Example These assertions are false and truly unfair to the religion since the true followers rebuke and are strongly against such acts that plague the society. The people that orchestrate these acts are uninformed and misled people that believe that they are doing the work of God while they are doing exactly the opposite. It is therefore important to spread the teachings and information of the religion to other places all over the world to ensure that people associate the Islamic religion with the principles and teachings that they have instead of drawing from the false information that is asserted by the radical groups looking to destabilize the world. The Twin Cities is one of the major urban areas in America and is home to many people that have come from different parts of the world. America is accommodating and therefore the number of Muslims in the region are many thereby a Muslim Center is necessary. This is to ensure that the children and also the Muslims have a place for prayer and there is proper development of the children in the proper Islamic teachings. This will ensure that the number of people that have access to the Mosque and the Islamic teachings has increased significantly in the State. A Muslim Center is a place of worship and development and therefore the Center will be accessible to all people that are willing to learn and develop as well as for prayers. Islamic religion does not shut the doors to the Mosque or the praying hall since the people can pray at any time during the day or night. It will therefore be open to all people and the people around where the mosque is located will be encouraged to go to the m osque and engage with others in the Center. This will create an environment where people will have grown a culture where they know each other and therefore the fear of people for being Muslim will be eradicated. The Center will be built with an aim of developing different talents and enhancing community

Public Relations - The Communication Cycle Essay

Public Relations - The Communication Cycle - Essay Example Apple is a multinational company belonging to the technology sector and subsector computers manufacturing. It engages itself in computer, mobile phone, tablet manufacturing and developing software. It is best known worldwide for its computer brand Imac, tablet computer ipad, mobile phone brand iphone. As a company belonging to the IT sector it comes 2nd after Samsung electronics. It was named as the most valuable company in the United States in 2003, a place which it acquired by surpassing Coca cola. Apple was founded by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak and Ronald Wayne in 1977 and by 2013 has a market capitalization of 170 billion dollar (Apple Inc., 2014). Apple belongs to a sector which is experiencing very rapid changes, particularly in field of innovation. The number of consumers having a mobile device now days has increased tremendously (Hoskisson, Michael, Ireland, & Harrison, 2007). The threat of a new entrant bringing in a new technology is too high these days. So no company in this particular sector can just sit back on its laurels and accolades and relax. Even for a Company like apple, if it stops innovating and comes out with newer product lines or innovation some other player will bring in a new product. Another factor that plagues companies like apple is that its designs may easily be copied by some other company and used to produce a similar phone at a much cheaper price range. In fact there have been instances in the past where Samsung has allegedly violated copyright restrictions of apple’s designs and the two companies have engaged themselves in legal battle. So to successfully hold its position in today’ s market Apple needs to: 1. Trend of innovating newer product lines and there by entering virgin markets. 2. Build a strong association with its customer base (Scott, 2013). 3. Build its reputation in the field of customer service and designing products that

Sacred Lands in Wyoming Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Sacred Lands in Wyoming - Essay Example It is wrong to just appropriate someone's culture without understanding the traditions and history behind it. Moreover, it is unjust to seek to profit from the Lakota spirituality without giving back to the community. The people who dabble in such acts do not usually care that they are offending the owners of the cultural practices. The declaration was quite serious as the Lakota have gone to court to preserve the integrity of their religious beliefs1 and have gone to such lengths as banning non-natives from attending Sun Dances.2 The worst offenders are usually the people who are guided by the profit motive. People who are not Lakota appropriate the ceremonies when in fact they are not entitled. Taking Jews as an example: if the people who do not understand Judaism at all adopt a half -understood calendar of ceremonies and elect a Rabbi who cannot even read Hebrew, the Jews would be deeply offended. These profit-oriented people prey on the need for human beings to find acceptance an d to belong somewhere. As the declaration states, most of the new age religions are led by hucksters and commercial profiteers who are not entitled to take their ceremonies and earn a living off their cultural theft (Mesteth, Elk and Hawk). ... nnabes) are aping the practices of the Lakota without any respect or consideration for the First Nations Peoples’ feelings (â€Å"Responses to War against Exploiters of Lakota Spirituality†). Their interest might be genuine, but then they go too far at times. This has engendered mistrust among the native tribes of America. It is indeed a mockery of the peoples’ traditions when the intent is to become one of them by buying tokens of their religious practices. Tribal members view these people as problematic because they will try to pass themselves off as one of them. This leads to confusion among the rest of the Americans who understand very little about the Indian tribes. The issue of confusion is further exacerbated by the fact that most Indians are not forthcoming about themselves since they are a very proud people. As Lynnette put it, it is all about a way of life and not a fad to be followed when one fancies it. Since the wannabes are following a fad, it becom es disrespectful to the tribes as they do not bother to learn about the First Nations Peoples. These people who are described as wannabes would be best served if they visited the reservations and actually tried to do some good for the tribes and communities. There are serious problems bedeviling the tribes and they would learn about the tribes’ culture as they were doing good works in the communities. 3) Do: Find some responses from individuals who belong to one of the categories you described in #2. Answer: Do you think that these individuals should be able to continue using Native American religious symbols, beliefs and experiences in the manner they have been? Why or why not? Do their responses to the Declaration present a convincing argument to let them continue their activities? Why or why not? The

Supply Chain Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Supply Chain Management - Essay Example Value creation through global supply chain management is achieved through strategic integration of all members of the supply chain under the scope information exchange and understanding of the changing global consumer (Flint, 2004). According to McAdam and McCormick (2004) value creation occurs when organizations develop new ways of better addressing the customers’ needs and customer satisfaction; the supply chain which acts as a source of information can increase value creation. Especially in the case of global supply chains, effective management of the flow of processes and functions indicates a better coordination of resources (including learning), which in turn provide the potentials for accumulating greater information on the global marketplaces. Given that global markets are underpinned by different cultures, different institutions and different structures, management of the global supply chain becomes the most important tool for effective operations. Value creation is t herefore achieved through global supply chain management through greater synergies and integration of the supply chain partners in communication and information exchange, which allow faster response to the global changes in consumer behaviour.

The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas by John Boyne and the Holocaust Essay Example for Free

The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas by John Boyne and the Holocaust Essay Author John Boyne published his infamous novel The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas. John Boyne was born in Dublin, Ireland. Boyne attended Trinity College in Dublin where he first studied English Literature and then proceeded to the University of East Anglia in Norwich where he then studied creative writing. He began his published writing career in the year two-thousand with his first published book The Thief of Time. Though The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas separates itself from Boyne’s traditional style of writing by having being written for a younger audience, it was the book that took John Boyne’s career to the successful point it is now at. Using his father’s date of birth as the same for both Shmuel and Bruno, Boyne could further relate the two boys to a familiar story. Demonstrating the truly catastrophic events of the Holocaust in a fictional novel, Boyne captures the torment that two young boys face in a time where their innocence is taken away by one of the most evil acts of humanity. The Holocaust caused the lives of six million Jews to be lost, and the faith of the survivors. The Nazi Germans called this systematic mass killing â€Å"the final solution to the Jewish question. † In nineteen-thirty-three, Anti-Semitism reached its’ peak in Germany â€Å"†¦destruction, which was launched with torchlight parades and accented by speeches that proclaimed the death of Jewish intellectualism and the purification of German culture. Thus, writings by such Jewish intellectuals as Albert Einstein and Sigmund Freud fueled the huge bonfires. Also engulfed in flames was the work of Heinrich Heine, a German poet of Jewish origin. A century earlier Heine had stated, Where books are burned, in the end people will be burned. †¦. his statement would become [true], specifically for the European Jews who found themselves under Nazi domination during the Third Reich. † (The Holocaust Chronicles 53) By July of nineteen-thirty-three, twenty-five thousand Jews amongst other â€Å"unfit† German citizens had been sent to concentration camps or jail. Democracy in Germany had disappeared under Adolf Hitler’s new command with the Nazi Party being the only legal political party. Hitler began a propaganda that the Jew was a threat to the German race, unequal, and inferior, that it must be eliminated in order to restore the power lost during and after the First World War Jewish businesses were boycotted, German citizens began discriminating Jews, physically harming them and humiliating them. Later, German Nazis demanded that all non-Aryan subjects shall retire, â€Å"†¦any person who had a Jewish parent or grandparent was non-Aryan. † (54) The Jews were then places in ghettos, where the living conditions were poor and a preview of their upcoming fate was shown. Forced to wear David’s star as an embroidered badge on their clothing to symbolize their faith, the Jews were publicly isolated for the German citizens to see and attack. This would’ve made many of the Jews feel ashamed and directed them to lose faith in the God they had previously loved and lived by, as that same faith in the religion was what caused their cruel misfortune. Religion is seen repeatedly in both Night by Elie Wiesel and The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas by John Boyne. In Boyne’s work, the two main characters, Bruno and Shmuel, are two nine year old boys who are unfortunately wrapped up in the horrid events that took place during the years of the Holocaust. Bruno’s father is a high ranking officer working for the S. S during the period of the Nazi Party’s ruling in Germany. He doesn’t show clear understanding of what’s going on and what his father is doing, with help of constant deceit from his parents, his sister and instructor, Bruno still sees no difference between him and Shmuel, who is a Jewish prisoner of a concentration camp. Though there is no difference in the two boys, society, family and religion tells them otherwise, and yet their friendship is unbreakable. â€Å"We’re not supposed to be friends, you and me. We’re supposed to be enemies, did you know that? † (The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas 118) Having been disciplined by society to believe in a concept of inequality between the pure German race and the Jewish people, the friendship between Bruno and Shmuel becomes a significantly touching plot, not in the sense that it shouldn’t or couldn’t be, but in a way that demonstrates the innocence that adults tried to deprive from their children, and the loving bond that brings two boys who are meant enemies together, it makes them equal. Religion isn’t understood, hatred isn’t understood and evil acts are not understood; for once, the naive minds of innocence that cannot understand the plot Hitler formed are perfectly right by the similarity of not understanding their nonexistent â€Å"differences. † Both the real events of World War II and the fictional events within the novel feature a lot of deceit. Propaganda was used by the governments of every country involved in the war as well as within Germany against the Jews. This form of subtle manipulation was successful as it used citizens’ issues and fears to provide an excuse for the events occurring. Hitler used slogans and made powerful speeches throughout his dictatorship that convinced the Germans to believe that the Jewish people really were a threat that Germany had to repel. By blaming their economical issues on the Jews, the Germans had more of a reason to desire the exeunt of their race entirely. â€Å"’Propaganda tries to force a doctrine on the whole people Propaganda works on the general public from the standpoint of an idea and makes them ripe for the victory of this idea. ’ Adolf Hitler wrote these words in his book Mein Kampf, in which he first advocated the use of propaganda to spread the ideals of National Socialism among them racism, antisemitism,. ( http://www. ushmm. org ) The novel also shows a pattern of deceit, where Bruno is lied to by his parents when he asks what is behind the fence. Bruno also lies when he denies knowing Shmuel, an act of fear that resurfaces the idea that he is still a child with no desire to be punished. Deceit is a tendency that was believed to be necessary by the furor, Adolf Hitler, in order to proceed with the Final Solution while having his citizens and the rest of the world blind, as they believed his idea was only beneficial to Germany. Hitler and the Nazi Party would have not succeeded had they always been truthful to not only the people within their own borders, but the people outside of them too. It was necessary to deceit in order to succeed, or what he planned to be a success. In Bruno’s case, that same deceit provided him with the loyalty and love to Shmuel to be his friend until death. The accounted Jewish casualties that took place under the furor, Adolf Hitler and commander Heimrich Himmler are an approximate six million, completely exterminating the trace of each and every Jewish family in Germany, for even those who survived left immediately after the Russians set them free from the concentration camps in nineteen-forty-five. Survivors who have testimonies of their experience in the camps, the ghettos, and those who escaped still try to make sense of what happened in the twelve year long battle for survival. Emotionally, they have wounds that will never fully heal over. Mentally, they withhold memories that could only be imagined as the most vivid of nightmares to those of us who didn’t live through the terrorizing events. Spiritually, they are finally free to believe, if they can and most do. They speak of the Holocaust as a test from God, another reason to show their faith to the world. Eliezer Wiesel said in Night, â€Å"That I survived the Holocaust and went on to love beautiful girls, to talk, to write and to have toast and tea and live my life – that is what is abnormal. † Evidently, families were lost and lives were separated, an emotional devastation that one may never come to comprehend. In both of the works, family is demonstrated to be a significant factor. Elie, in Night, speaks fondly of the love for his father and the absolute loss of himself after the loss of his father. In The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas, Bruno’s mother reveals a love for her family so deep that she becomes despaired with the facts of her husband’s work. Shmuel sacrifices himself, at the side of his best friend, Bruno, to find his father and endanger his own life to save one of a family members’. This was the case for each person who died and survived the Holocaust. â€Å"If we bear all this suffering and if there are still Jews left, when it is over, then Jews, instead of being doomed, will be held up as an example. † (Anne Frank)

Drunk Driving Essay Example for Free

Drunk Driving Essay People that get in trouble for driving under the influence should have their licenses revoked forever. They put innocent people’s lives in danger for their own enjoyment. They also put their own lives in danger. Hundred and thousands of people die every year due to drunk driving incidents. Sometimes the people causing these tragedies, get the privilege to drive on our streets again. Does this sound right? Should we really risk other people’s lives just so this person is allowed to drive again? I don’t think so. Why should these people be rewarded with their licenses after putting innocent people’s lives in danger? Why should these people have the ability to drive on the streets? Driving is a privilege, that can and should be taken away. There were 11,773 deaths caused by drunk drivers in 2008. 32% of all car accidents in the U.S. are caused by drinking and driving. .216 children under the age of fourteen were killed in 2008 because of people getting behind the wheel after consuming too much alcohol. It is only the right thing to do, to take away the licenses from these people forever. They have lost their privilege and should not have it given back to them. A few years ago, on my aunt and uncles wedding day, my aunt was killed. They were on their way to their honey moon when they were hit straight on by a drunk driver. She died instantly. It was traumatizing for my uncle, the rest of my family, and all of my aunts friends. They lady that hit them is currently in jail, and will be for another twelve years. She will have her license revoked forever. The way it should be. But will that really keep her off the streets when she gets out of prison? We don’t know. Drunk driving is wrong and unacceptable. It is selfish and careless, and should not be treated with ease. People caught doing this should be punished severely.

Health inequality and disparity in the US

Health inequality and disparity in the US Today, in our world one of the biggest issues that have risen amongst health care activist in the United States is how health disparity and inequality has affected rural areas and culture. However, it is important to keep in the back of our minds that this is not a problem that only exists in the U.S., it is a worldwide concern. Health disparity is taking an in depth look at the differences in health status between different social groups, gender, race, ethnicity, education, income, disability, and sexual orientation. While on the other hand, health inequalities is taking a look at the unjust and unfair treatment one gets because of their socioeconomic status and demographic area in which they are part of. Having such a wide array of difference in health inequality and disparity is what also contributes to the United States ranking in the bottom of industrialized western nations when it comes to life expectancy rate, and infant mortality rate. Finding ways to close the gap between li fe expectancy from one race to the other may greatly contribute in making the U.S rank as one of the top nations in the western part of the world. One of my main reasons for selecting this topic was because I wanted to take an in depth look through research and studies to find out why health inequality and disparity still exists in a great and rich country like the United States. In addition to that, my second point in selecting this research topic was to find out how there can be equality amongst people living in urban and rural areas in the U.S. when it comes to the area of health care. Even though over the years they have been great improvements and minor changes; there is still more work to be done in order to make health and equality for all. Health should be a right for all, and not a privilege based on whether one lives in a rural or urban area, or whatever socioeconomic status they may have. One should get the rights to have the same privileges. One of the huge differences when looking at health disparity is life expectancy age between white, black, and African males, and black, white, and African American females. For example, the life expectancy for an average white male is 76.7 years old while on the other hand for an African American male the average age of life expectancy is 67.8 years old. Comparing the two ages there is a difference of 8.9 years between a Caucasian, and an African American male. After looking at the difference one may ask themselves these questions: they are all American why can one race live longer than the other? This is a question I have asked myself before, however taking this class through the semester helped me to understand why. Baer mentions, African Americans experience about 67,000 mor e deaths than they would have had their mortality rates been similar to whites. This translates into 2.2 million more years of life lost. One of the main reasons for this is that most Caucasian males live in an urban area with good jobs, good incomes, good health insurance, and access to good doctors, while on the other hand, an African American male living in a rural area does not have access to health insurance, does not have a good job, or does not have access to a family doctor. This may lead to a lot of stress to an individual which may cause different diseases such as chronic heart disease, hypertension-which may lead to stroke, heart attack, and renal failure. This in turn may lead to premature death of an African American male. These results are the same for women also. As stated by, premature mortality (75 years of age) is greater rural residents than among urban residents, and rural-urban mortality differences vary by age. Premature death and mortality is one of the key issues when taking a look at health and inequality in the United States. Nevertheless, another subject to closely examine is how health and diseases are not distributed fairly. Individuals who live in rural areas are more likely to get a disease than one who lives in an urban area. This also contributes to the kind of health individuals may get. For example, diseases like tuberculosis would be common in a rural area because of the life style one may live, the kind of income they may earn, and the health care they may be receive could be totally different than the one they receive in the urban area. According to, (levy and Sidel) The cause of many diseases are complex interplay of multiple factors, many of which are due to social injustice. For instance, Caucasians receive more attention and care when they visit a doctor which may lead to a wide variety of issues. However, the one that stands out the most is because the color of the indi viduals skin, he/she may be looked at differently, or not given the same care a Caucasian would have received. The subject of disparity and inequality does not only stop with adults, it also reaches down to children. Unfortunately it is a subject that affects all ages from infants to adulthood. In some cases there have been findings that when it comes to certain diseases and long term hospitalization, infants whom their parents are of different social class or race are treated differently and are cared about differently than kids that are Caucasian, or not minorities. While doing my research for this project I was amused to find out the inequality and disparity comes down to this level that even infants are cared for differently because they belong to a certain minority group. As I have stressed out in my paper and continue to do so, I really believe that everyone should have equal access to health care regardless of their differences. In one of my articles it takes and in depth look at how childrens asthma hospitalization and urban areas in Texas are different. Grineski mentions, It talks ab out how poor children are dispropriately affected as they have higher asthma prevalence rates (and more servere asthma) than non poor children. I found this to be a very interesting finding that areas where poor children and non- poor children were living would affect their health. This could be because of several reasons, for one it could be because of the demographic area or the type of housing conditions in which these infants live in. All these factors could play a big part in contributing to the findings that kids in rural areas are more probable to get Asthma. However, there are also many other factors that also contribute to health disparities. There are socioeconomic factors that include the individuals race, ethnicity, the kind of education they may have, and the kind of income they earn annually that also contribute to the individuals health. As mentioned earlier, the individuals health may allow him/her to receive a different treatment from another individual whom is of a different race. For example, John, an African American male, goes to see his doctor because he has been coughing for a week and wants to get checked out. Instead of giving John all the different tests, the doctor would just give him medicine and tell him he just has a cold or flu, yet if it is a white male they would probably give him a thorough check up to see what was really wrong with the individual, and then give that person the necessary medication they need. Also, ethnicity brings an additional dimension to health disparity. As mentioned earlier, when it comes to health care for minorities they generally have a harder time getting the kind of care they need, especially ones that live in the rural areas. Baer mentions that, Health disparity research suggests that ethnic minority groups like African Americans, Latinos, and Native Americans suffer a triple burden in seeking health care: 1. They are significantly less likely to have health insurance than whites, and so accessing care is a major challenge, and while adequate acute care is hard enough to come by, preventive care is all but impossible for those who are insured The kind of education one has also contributed to the gap between health inequalities between individuals. The more education one has the longer they live, and the healthier life style they have. This is mostly due to the fact that the higher education you have the higher income one may get, and the better education one may get the more likely the individual may have a good job with great security which helps to provide financially for their families. The less education they have the less they can earn, the more stressful the job can be, and the less job security they have in order to provide for their families. Also, the more education you have the more educated you become about living a healthier life style. For example, eating healthier by getting good nutrients and a having a good diet is smart, but in order to live this kind of life style one must be able to afford it which does not allowed everyone in the United States to have this opportunity. Kaplan states, On this view, we c an understand why controlling for the SES and education reduces the health disparities between blacks and white Americans but does not eliminate them. Because black Americans are also systematically disadvantaged with respect SES and education and because SES and education are associated with health outcomes in the United States. Another determent that also brings a problem to health inequality and disparity is the environment one lives in. The environment we live in plays a big role on the kind of diseases we get and develop. Plus, the area one lives plays a big part in the kind of health care one receives. For example, one living in a rural area may not have access to a hospital, or the right doctor they may need to help them give them the right attention they need to live a healthier life style. An additional thing that plays a role on the kind of health we get from the environment could be the kind of water one has access to. The kind of water people in rural areas may use may have things in it that are not healthy for one to drink and may cause different kinds of stomach viruses or stomach problems. The kind of food individuals get in the grocery store maybe not be as healthy as the ones individuals from urban areas may get. Some food may contain more fat and carbohydrates, than the ones they have in the grocery store in urban American cities nationwide. According to McElory and Townsend, That changes in components of their model (e.g. new subsistence patterns) can cause in balances in the other components ( e.g. new subsistence strategies can lead to exposure to new risk ), and a very severe imbalance to generate stress and disease. As the above quote points out, health inequality and disparity can be a big part of the kind of environment one lives in. After selecting this topic I wanted to personally drive through the urban and rural areas of Fort Wayne and compare the differences. Hartley mentions, Traditional concerns as to access to primary and hospital continue to dominate rural health policy. As I drove through town I observed a few things. One observation was that there were barely any hospitals in the rural area. I found a couple of clinics but all the major hospitals, and big health facilities were located in the urban areas. In my opinion, this is a huge disadvantage for someone living in a rural area in Fort Wayne. Another thing I observed during my drive was that there are far more liquor stores located down south. For example, you can drive down a block and you can see three or four liquor stores by the time I was done driving through the block. In contrast, up in the urban areas there are liquor stores but not as many as the ones I came across while in the rural areas. Another thing I also noticed while I was doing my observation was that the urban areas are well taken care of. The streets are clean, buildings were properly done, and roads were done properly with no dirt on the streets. Yet in the rural areas the opposite was true. There were several buildings that were left unfinished; roads were not as clean, housing areas were not as properly done as the ones done in urban areas in Fort Wayne. These are several inequalities I observed on my own. It was a firsthand experience, and I was very shocked to find out that such things are going on i n our on back yard here in Fort Wayne. I believe that in order for us to address this problem as a nation we must first focus in our own cities and towns and then work our way up. Individuals in rural areas have been accustomed to receive unfair health care attention that people that live urban areas in the United States are used to recieving. As mentioned earlier in my paper this not only a problem in the United States but a problem that is effecting millions of other continents around the world. Joyce and Bambra state that, Despite overall improvements in health outcomes since the second world war, health inequalities between the best and worst of society are persistent in developed nations and in some in some instances are continue to widen As a community how can we address health inequality and disparity in our communities to help this stigma get away? Studies have definitely shown that they are minor improvements that have taken place over the years, but never the less, as a community we have a lot of work to be done. Hartley mentions, Recent trends in rural health research and policy suggests that effective policy interventions must be based on differences among rural regions. When arguing for progressive rhetoric for rural American, rickets noted that Urban-Rural comparisons. One of the first things I think we need to do as a community is first try to improve our rural areas. The next step I believe we should do as a country is have a universal health care program in place where everyone will be able to have insurance for every citizen in the United States. In making health insurance accessible to every one in the United States any person will be able to receive the health care they need. An additional thing we as a community need to do in order to address health inequality and disparity is to have more hospitals in the rural areas and not just in the urban areas. We need to have hospitals and clinics more accessible to them. So if they need to see the doctor they do not need to make a fifteen to twenty minute drive they can have it right in their neighborhood. I firmly believe education is the key to removing health inequality and disparity from our communities. The better we educate individuals that are of a different race, socioeconomic status, and ethnicity, the more adequate a person knows about how to live a healthy life style and eat properly. We need to get them to exercise more in order to live healthier, and also educate them about the effects of smoking cigarettes and what it causes. For example, have health fair programs that will tell them how smoking can cause lung cancer, and many other chronic diseases, and also better educate them how drugs and sharing needles can affect ones life style and cause many diseases such as HIV-which is a very serious epidemic that is killing millions of people in our world today. Also having different organizations that are pro-health that would go into the different rural communities and talk and mentor individuals on what they can do to live a good and healthier life would be a great asset in educating individuals. Another way for us to draw the gap when it comes to health and inequality is to create more jobs for individuals, so that they will be able to work and support their families. In doing this it will give them something to stress less about, which in turn will help individuals to be stress free. As mentioned earlier in my paper, stress causes a lot of health issues which can lead to different cardiovascular heart problems, effect once growth, diabetes, and hypertension which are all various disease one can get from living a healthier life style. So hopefully creating more jobs in rural communities may be able to create a less stressful life for individuals. Improving the environment are also ways in which we can address health disparity in our communities and country. For us to take the next step in which we can overcome health disparity and inequality is to clean up the rural areas. They should be cleaned up, they should also have access to clean water to drink, and tap water should be sterilized to certain standards to meet the States regulations. Also fountains and lakes should be monitored and kept clean, having clean water is important in other for mosquitoes and other parasites to not take over rural communities. Not having all these necessary steps taken people in rural areas may have easy access to malaria and other diseases which may greatly affect their community. Doing away with majority of the liquor stores in rural areas will also help to bring inequality to our neighborhoods, because having alcohol in rural areas in my opinion just helps to destroy the individuals in these areas. Drinking may also contribute too many other diseases that may cause premature death in one area. Another substance that we can do away with is creating awareness about drinks and get them off the streets. In getting both drugs and alcohol out of the rural areas we can only hope that we can try to get the rural areas to be almost equivalent to urban areas although one that will not be easy to do. In doing the following we can hope that health inequality and disparity in rural areas can be improved to met the standards that urban areas have. The U. S is such a wealthy nation that they should not be anything such as health inequality and disparity amongst different areas in the . From my research I do however believe that there is hope for the future. Changes are been made however, we just have to put our differences apart in other for us to reach the point where health is equal and available to everyone no matter how much income they make, the amount of education they have, or the color of the skin they should have access to it . Overall, I learned a lot of from this project I gained a lot of knowledge from it. I became aware of things that I was not previously not aware of in the past. I never looked at health as inequality and disparity; I rather looked at it from a different prospective but in doing this project it made me understand what it means when one mentions the United States health care system has inequality and disparity in its system. From doing this project I also gained passion for this topic and down the road I would like to volunteer, or be health activists, because as repeated earlier in my paper I believe health services should be offered to everyone.

Death Comes for the Archbishop: Not a Novel :: Death Comes for the Archbishop

Death Comes for the Archbishop: Not a Novel If someone felt compelled to classify Death Comes for the Archbishop as a type of novel, the most likely candidate would be a regional novel. Clearly, the setting and local color of this work make the region a critical component. However, before classifying the work as a type of novel, it must be determined whether it is a novel or, as Miss Cather has asserted, a narrative. Based on the structure and content of the book, it does not meet the classical definitions of novel and plot, so would lend itself more accurately to Miss Cather's classification. The simplified definition of novel given in A Handbook to Literature is "an extended fictional PROSE narrative" (335). By this definition, Cather's book would qualify as a novel. But there is a great deal more to a novel than this definition implies. The handbook expands by stating: "some organizing principle-PLOT, THEME, or idea-should be present in a . . . a novel" (335). Cather's book has an idea - to illustrate the historical, regional and cultural context in which two European priests perform missionary work in the desert of the American Southwest in the last half of the nineteenth century. This idea does not constitute a plot. Aristotle maintained that a plot should create a whole with "the structural union of the parts being such that, if any one of them is displaced or removed, the whole will be disjointed and disturbed" (Holman/Harmon 377). The structure of Death Comes for the Archbishop is made up of a series of episodes consisting of the experiences of two missionary priests, and legends of the region, such as Our Lady of Guadalupe. Would the whole become "disjointed or disturbed" if some of the stories or legends were removed or rearranged? No. The work would lose some of its richness, but the whole would not become incomprehensible. I believe Willa Cather perceived this work as a narrative rather than a novel because it lacked what is traditionally considered a plot. The work's narrative form is reminiscent of a journal, and had it been written in the first person instead of third, it probably would have been classified as a journal narrative rather than a novel.

The Oppression of Women Drives The AIDS Epidemic in Africa :: Disease AIDS Essays Africa Women

The Oppression of Women Drives The AIDS Epidemic in Africa Africa is facing a devastating crisis with respect to the AIDS epidemic, currently accounting for over 70% of the world's HIV-positive population. There are, of course, many factors that drive the explosive transmission of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus, but in the tangled web that is the epidemic in Africa, many of these issues share a common thread. The oppression of women in Africa can be considered the virus' cultural vector. Females are rendered powerless in African societies, and existing gender inequalities are largely responsible for the spread of the disease. Females' disadvantaged position in society is intrinsically linked to the subordination of women in their relationships with men. In order for progress to be made, an examination of gender relations and empowerment for women must take place. To be successful, AIDS campaigns must be built on the existing organizational skills of women, but must incorporate men as well. The blatantly skewed distribution of power in Afri can patriarchal societies makes women extremely vulnerable but has dangerous implications for all. To examine the forces that steer the epidemic down its course, the epidemiology of HIV and AIDS in Africa must first be considered. More than 80% of all HIV infections in Africa are acquired through heterosexual contact. This statistic is grossly out of balance with the 13% rate of infection through heterosexual contact in the United States. Vertical transmission from mother to child is the second most common route for the virus to take in Africa (Essex et al., 158). These rates are generally much higher than in the United States and Europe, where the use of a drug called neviropine has drastically reduced mother-to-child transmission. This disparity is a direct result of differences in the nations' wealth. African nations simply cannot afford to provide the drug to infected pregnant women. The continued transmission of HIV through contaminated blood during processes such as blood transfusions is another dismal consequence of poverty and inferior health services in many African count ries. This method accounts for the third most important mode of transmission, one that has been virtually eradicated in many countries because the technology is available to prevent it (Essex et al., 159). Part of what makes the situation in Africa so devastating is that the primary roads the virus travels in Africa were shut down long ago in other countries. Much of the world's population already takes many of the roadblocks for granted.

Darwin Vs. Pearson :: Natural Selection Essays

The writing of Charles Darwin focuses on the concept of natural selection and its implications on the human race. Darwin understands that allowing weaker people to pass on their genetic shortcomings will ultimately prove to be detrimental. People should have the same reproductive rights and opportunities as all other people. The writing of Karl Pearson also focuses on natural selection and its implications upon the human race. Pearson, however, believes that the weaker people of society should be forced to die off so as not to pass on their genetic malfeasance. Darwin and Pearson agree on the process of natural selection but disagree on how society should utilize the knowledge gained from understanding natural selection. Darwin & Pearson both believe that left unchecked the human race would evolve positively by not allowing unfit people to reproduce. Darwin says, â€Å"With savages, the weak in body or mind are soon eliminated; and those that survive commonly exhibit a vigorous state of health.† Darwin believes that people, without the constraints of society, would allow the weaker elements of their offspring to die off without reproducing. Since people operate in a civilized society, they must tolerate the people who are weaker than they are, even if it is a detriment to society at large, â€Å"We must therefore bear the undoubtedly bad effects of the weak surviving and propagating their kind.† Karl Pearson believes that the knowledge gained from understanding natural selection should be utilized to stop the human race from declining, â€Å"I want you to see selection as something which renders the inexorable law of heredity a source of progress, which produces the good through suffering, an infinitely greater good which far outbalances the very obvious pain and evil.† Pearson believes that even though it will be hard to do, society must stop allowing inferior people to reproduce.

Analysis of “You may turn over and begin” by Simon Armitage

â€Å"You may turn over and begin† is an interior monologue of a person who is sitting an exam, seemingly on the subject of General Studies. The title itself lends itself well to this theme as â€Å"you may turn over and begin† are the words an exam invigilator says as an exam begins. The poem follows the thoughts of the speaker who may or may not be Armitage himself as he sits the exam whilst musing over exam questions and other things that enter the speakers thoughts when he has finished the paper. The first line of the poem could be said to be the title itself as it directly links to the first line of the main body of the poem. While the title is said by someone else the remainder of the poem is the thoughts of the speaker, the fact that it is someone's thoughts is reinforced by the seemingly random train of thought and the subjects themselves which are personal in nature- i.e. the speakers thoughts on â€Å"milk white breasts and†¦ virginity† in lines 12 and 13. The questions themselves are not typical of a general studies exam and are seemingly random, much like thought processes often are, though reference to â€Å"the decameron† could be linked to the adolescent and hormonal thoughts of lines 12 and 13. Armitage's reputation for representing and understanding youth culture is highlighted by his reference to the general studies exam as â€Å"..a doddle, a cinch for anyone with an ounce of common sense† in lines 6 and 7. This concept of general stud ies remains true today while the speaker's insight on the use of â€Å"†¦a calculator with a memory feature† to cheat shows the writer's comprehension of such things. Lines 10 and 11 reinforce the idea of general studies being an unimportant exam as the speaker neglects to check the work, instead choosing to let the mind wander. The next few couplets reflect on the injustice of male/female relations at that age whereby the boys are in a frenzied hormonal state while the girls remain untouchable â€Å"long and cool†¦out of reach†. Use of imagery is evident as mention of the â€Å"†¦the heat† in line 14 points to enforced sexual repression on the part of men that age, while â€Å"†¦long and cool like cocktails† indicates the heightened maturity of women (though referred to as girls by the speaker) at that age. There is further imagery shown by the lines describing â€Å"†¦their buns and pigtails only let out for older guys† which makes the link between the exertion of control evident in those hairstyles, which in turn is relaxed for older men. This is a metaphorical representation of sexual control. As is common with thought patterns the subject suddenly changes in line 20 where the speaker reminisces on an occasion when the cold control of teenage girls is lost as a â€Å"jot of consolation†. The following couplets detail a comical situation which dispels some of the faà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ade the speaker has built up about teenage girls. Lines 24-27 detail the girl primping herself but 28 and 29 tell of the motorbike pulling away, it is a typical of a story which would circulate around a college and the speaker reinforces this in line 30, referring to it as a â€Å"†¦rumour†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . The final line answers the first question posed by the exam paper and once again follows the theme of random thoughts as the answer just pops up, much as it would into one's mind. It may also be noted of this poem that, due to strong allusions to the fact, that it is Armitage or at least a male who is writing this, though there are no specific mentions of the speakers sexuality, merely re ferring to his/herself in the first person ‘I'. The structure of the poem is both random and yet structured. The lines are set out in 16 couplets (possibly a connection to the age of the speaker at time). Enjambment is evident in how the lines straddle separate couplets which connotes the theme of random thoughts without structure or regulated progress. The metre itself also reflects this with a seemingly random variance in syllables which reflects the fairly random process of thought. While the majority of the lines within a couplet hold a similar metre (lines 1-2 with a 8 and 9 syllables respectively etc) one couplet that does stand out as breaking that mould that of lines 12 and 13. Line 12 has 14 syllables while 13 has 4 with â€Å"virginity†. The separation of the word from the others and putting it on its own both represents the importance of the subject to adolescent males while also possibly representing the speakers embarrassment about the subject. The use of couplets serves to create a slow methodical rhythm in the poem. Coupled with this, examples of unstressed and stressed syllables within the couplet rhyme create a sense of the multiple choice nature of the paper the speaker is sitting. This is particularly evident in the first and second couplet. The rhythm is fairly structured when read aloud, this is compounded by use of strong para-rhyme- e.g. â€Å"..specifically/virginity†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , â€Å"†¦Honda/amber†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . The absence of a strict rhyme scheme or metre is in keeping with the unsystematic nature of the thoughts of a person, though it must be noted that there is some structure to the poem as there is in some sections of the monologue of the speaker. An example of this is line 20 â€Å"One jot of consolation† which seems an unlikely sentence to actually think, though it does serve to create a division in the speaker's thoughts on lusting after girls from the story about the â€Å"†¦spind ly girl riding pillion†. Armitage is very much perceived as being of the ‘poetry is the new rock and roll' era so it is not surprising that much of the vernacular and thoughts are akin to that which people of the college age. As is true of many contemporary poets the use of brands is evident â€Å"†¦her man's new Honda† while much of the lexis, as previously mentioned, is colloquial, I.e. â€Å"†¦a doddle, a cinch†. Particular attention is made to the appearance of the girl in lines 24 to 27 with pre modification evident, â€Å"†¦her tight jeans† which continues the theme of a hormonal teenager lusting after girls. The poem itself is a mixture of teen angst and comedy. We can assume that Armitage writes this poem from personal experience as most men can identify with the thoughts of the speaker, while everyone who has taken the general studies exams will identify with the speakers opinion on it as a bit of a waste of time. As a male I can sympathise with the speaker while a female reading this would be, in my opinion, more likely to focus on the comedy aspect of the poem rather than the hormonal maelstrom that is shown in the first half of the poem. While the structure, rhythm and lexis all support the context of the poem it may be said that while the theme of random thought is well presented there are sections which detract from the success of the attempt to achieve this theme. This mainly manifests itself in the ordered nature of some of the narration and use of simile (â€Å"long and cool like cocktails†) which is not a realistic thought. Despite this the devices used combine to good effect in this perception which is very easy to identify with.

Marketing Plan for Toyota Prius Essay

1. Executive SummaryToyota Motors is preparing to ground the modernistic Toyota Prius Hybrid. The Prius pull up stakes be victimization the Hybrid Synergy jampack (HSD) with features corporate trust passing efficient petrol railway locomotive and an electric motor. The electric vehicle (EV) wholeows the Prius to depict purely for low noise and nonentity in fuel role (Toyota Company, 2012). Due to the ever so increasing presence of green revolution, Toyota Motors wants to lay down advantage of the potential sum up in demand for loan-blend vehicles (Boschert, 2007). Having been voted the Worlds No 1 Hybrid in 2010 (Toyota, 2013), Toyota Motors befool made an executive end to progress producing the Prius, giving the world its premier mass- let outd hybrid gondola. As a result, regular(a) before launching this pertly harvest-time it is signifi bunst for Toyota Motors to prepargon strategic marting place so that the Toyota Prius take to the woodserpot impact the commercializeplace.2. Current Marketing location1. ProductLet us effect a face up at the Prius with see to its exterior, interior, performance, safety and damage (Toyota Company, 2013).Exterior The Prius has a distinct design shaped by using a comprehensive nuzzle to aerodynamic theory and performance, contributing to its effective performance and outstanding fuel faculty. intimate The interior of the Prius ex embracees the spirit of innovation which is ready and inviting. The Prius is full equipped with soft lines which flow around the occupants as passengers and drivers alike die away comfortably.Performance The Prius is a combination of highly efficient engine with a fully equipped electric motor. The HSD provides a smooth, antiphonary performance which accommodates low fuel consumption and low exhaust emission.Safety The Prius ensures tranquility of mind. This means that it is fully equipped with fighting(a) and passive safety measures that integrate the utilisatio n of advanced technologies helping to ensure the highest level of safety.Price The Prius is currently priced at RM 139,915 with amends for consumers in Peninsular Malaysia. As engineering science for the Prius subjoin, Toyota leave behind surely lower its commercialize price so as to make it more(prenominal) affordable for consumers.2. Market information jibe to a gaze through with(p) by J. D. Power published in 2012, al close 23% of respondents have a bun in the oven indicated that the conterminous car they would buy or absorb would most likely be a hybrid car such(prenominal) as the Prius (Tuttle, 2013). Toyota being the top manufacturing hybrid car company has certainly managed to push beyond its original niche status and give-up the ghost a best seller crosswise the globe.3. CompetitionThe Prius continues to face intense tilt from different automakers. One of Toyotas master(prenominal) competitors is fording. interbreeding has recently launched the C-Max. The C -Max has been impressive preserve higher(prenominal)(prenominal) gross gross revenue than the Prius V (Turtle, 2013). In January 2013, Bloomberg reports that Ford hybrid gross sales have increased five-fold. Ford has sold 6000 hybrids in January 2013 as compared to alone 1200 in January 2012 (Trudell, 2013). Erich Merkle, Fords sales analyst has even reported that we are looking toward 2013 as being a record sales year for our hybrid vehicles. Also, Fords foodstuff share has increased from 7% in 2012 to 16% in 2013.4. Macro-EnvironmentWe leave behind be using the PESTLE abbreviation as a official document to intelligibly tell apart and analyze the key drivers of dislodge in the business environment (Johnson, Scholes and Whittington, 2008. As stated by Orfano, this PESTLE tool allows the assessing of the current environment and potential changes (Orfano, 2011). We shall look at these 6 factors based on the look for through by offend and co (Sin, 2012).Political Factors The Prius has a tyrannical political impact be motility by manufacturing these hybrid cars, a country reduces the dependence on petrol. This is true for countries that do not commence oil.Economic Factors Consumers will begin to contract the Prius because of the fuel savings oer duration returnss. Also, the live of insurance and road evaluate for the Prius is relatively lower that a radiation pattern gasoline car.Social Factors Since change in the climate is a serious issue, Toyota should fix a vehicle which will not bring pollution to the environment. Although the Prius is signifi set uptly higher in value than conventional cars, with engineering increasing in the near proximo it is very likely that the price of the Prius will decline accordingly as the Prius engine room become more familiar.Technological Factors Hachman suggests the technology used in Plug-In Hybrid electrical Vehicles is the idea of using the batter power car. The recharging eon is one and a half(a ) hours for 240V AC or three hours for 120V AC. The plug-in will switch to hybrid mode, providing an estimated 49 miles per congius (Hachman, 2011). In order to increase mileage, the Prius is built from a body of lightweight materials such as carbon fiber, aluminum, magnesium and titanium. licit Factors According to the United States department of naught lead programs office (LPO), it encourages advance tripping energy technologies. This is to contribute meaningfully to the objectives of including occupancy creation, reducing dependency on external oil, improving environmental legacy and enhancing American competitiveness in the global preservation of the 21st century (U.S. Department of Energy, 2005).environmental Factors The Prius unlike different cars does not produce gases such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, sulphur oxides, oxides of nitrogen, hydrocarbon and lead which can cause many health problems. Not only does the Prius, provide a public benefit but at the sam e propagation it does not compromise on its safety, tone of voice and functionality.3. SWOT AnalysisIt is importance to identify Toyotas organizational strengths and weakness unitedly with its opportunities and threats. The ultimate goal is to identify Toyotas core competencies things that Toyota has or does relatively puff up as compared with competitors (Schermerhorn, 2011).Strengths Weaknesses Best fuel efficiency of any midsize car Fuel thriftiness varies and optimization requires careful driving commodious interior Premium price compared to mistakable non-hybrid cars Good performance compared to non-hybrid vehicles Other cars are available in the same price range with significantly Comfortable higher performance Quiet at all speeds Requires more energy to build than equal non-hybrid cars Smoother transmission than most other cars Appeal of la sample technology borderline impact on environment fantabulous scoring on crash test Opportunities Threats It is likely that petroleum will cost more in the future as suppliesHigh mileage clean diesel based cars are becoming more available and diminish which may increase demand will grab market share Awareness of environmental concerns is growth Other hybrids such as the Ford C-Max will soon enter the market sales are likely to permeate new markets in developing countries over Toyotas recent negative press and widespread recalls are likely to time scare some potential buyers. (Halbright, 2010)4. Objectives growth awareness of Toyota Prius by 50% in the next 3 years behinding new markets in developing countries.Increase make out sales of Toyota Prius by 40% by the end of 2013 (Refer to Appendix Note 1) arrange substantially in positioning a distinctive Hybrid Synergy Drive (HSD) projecting low noise and zero fuel consumption.Start positioning Toyota Prius as an environmental friendly family car.5. Marketing schemeCreative Strategy The Toyota Prius offers features that no other car off ers. This in itself is its unique exchange point and should be emphasized in market furtherances. As a deject to achieve the increase in awareness, promotion should concentrate on the education aspect. confabulation Mix As for communicating the Prius, 2 factors should be considered a) the type of product (high involvement) and the introduce in the product life cycle per second (introduction). With regards to high involvement, personal interchange is primary(prenominal) because it provides more conviction of purchase. ain selling will be carried out by the local car dealers who invite to have sufficient knowledge on the Prius. Personal selling will too include fair gameing corporate companies or fleet acquire segment. As for the stage in the product life cycle, sales promotion is most effective trigger for a purchase. Sales promotions are useful at the informant of the product life cycle to increase acceptance or provoke a test drive.Media Strategy The internet plays an important role. A direct mail will be sent to potential buyers and alter buyers to purchase the Prius online which would include a downloadable e-brochure. both advertisements will bear the Prius web aim to make it easy for buyers to find it. overly that, target adverts will be displace in quality newspapers especially those newspapers with spend car editions such as The Star, rising Straits Times, The Sun etcetera Also, since the television system is a good medium to target a wider audience it should be a priority. The TV stations would include TV3, NTV7 etc. Not forgetting outdoor billboards positioned at particularized junctions. This could be complemented with a TV and print advertising where it is visible for potential buyers to see.Pre-Launch This is significant to get potential buyers excited slightly the new and upcoming Prius. Focusing on the pre-launch could potential determine how well the Prius sells. Consequently, an anchor ring of excitement should be bu ilt from fond media, direct mail, advertising, television adverts etc. This would excessively create awareness for the product that has a long purchase cycle and a long decision time.6. Action Programs by and by the serve program will be over a span of 3 years. So as to align our action program with our objectives, our marketing strategies will outright plan to achieve the objectives in which we develop out. (The breakdown of the action program is committed in the Appendix Note 2-4)7. communicate dough and Loss StatementsThe intercommunicate Profit and Loss Statement would project a gross profit of RM 172,787.50. This comes from a communicate unit sale of 2,500 units. (The breakdown of the Projected Profit and Loss Statement is committed in the Appendix Note 5)8. ControlsSo as to maximize the return on the marketing plan, there studys to be controls in place to manages the plans progress (Anderson, 2013). guest Feedback To monitor the marketing plan, Toyota asks to monit or customer feedback through canvas and surveys. Toyota can reach our buyers indirectly through hosting online polls on the Internet. Consequently, surveys can be done with marketing groups or via individual interviews by phone or in person. level Market Sales The Toyota Prius sales can be measured by the units sold. This is also done through market survey or at the point of sale. For example, if the target market is male ages 40 to 50, and so market sales reports would monitor sales made to that group. On the other hand, if sales are down, then further market research would need to identify sales made to that group.Budgeting This would include printing expense, turn on expenses for trade shows, cost of market research studies and internal personnel costs. These costs would need to be closely monitored to minimize spending and maximize profitability.Market Share Toyota would need to control market share which is the dowry of consumer sales dominated by the Prius. According to T urtle, the Toyota Prius market share decrease from 68% in 2012 to 60% in 2013 (Turtle, 2013). Subsequently, Toyota would need to increase market share and continue to place the Prius stamp in the marketplace.

High School Drop out Rate Essay

Analysts agree that the valuate of high up train droptaboo in the United States has reached blasting levels. Credible estimates claim that more than a triad of every last(predicate) students that join high school argon likely to abandon school before completion. A hold back at the past decades indicates that this has been a ontogeny trend and is yet to be arrested appropriately. This is a occupation that has non been captured in the public gl atomic number 18 collectible to scarcity if data. This paper will add the on tap(predicate) statistics on the ar deviate of high school drop aways provide an analysis of the possible exercises and remedies.Different publications contain sound ordains of drop proscribeds this is because of the living differences in the definition of a drop surface. There are those that graduate after complete the high school syllabus, others that graduate after complementary an equivalency test of the same and those that graduate after laissez p asser other states based tests. The National Center for educational activity Statistics (NCES) compiles its data using either the event orders, post localizes or the cohert pass judgment.Events place refer to the upshot of students that drop break of school annually tour the status rate takes into account the total yield of students that encounter cumulatively dropped out of school as a proportion of the total population. (National Institute on the Education of At fortunes Students, 2006) Indicative reports squander it that the rate of school dropout from the 1970s to the 1990s recorded a steady decline however the rates meet stabilized from the 90s to date recording an insignifi ejectt improvement.A look at the 1999 and the 2000 reports indicate that 5% of all students that had joined high school in the respective(prenominal) years dropped out within a year. This is in accord to the available education departments event dropout rates. The status dropout rates for 200 0 indicate that virtually 3. 8 million young adults were not enrolled in a high school program and had not completed high school. (National Center for Education Statistics). another(prenominal) available statistics on the dropout rates concentre on the differences between gender and the racial groups.They boast indicated that 5. 8% of mannish students are more likely to dropout compared to whose dropout rate is 4. 3%. The gender disparities in the dropout rate are witnessed across all the ethnic and racial groups with male students world the near affected. The dropout rate for the minority groups has remained higher(prenominal) than that of white Americans. The Latinos lead the group of the minorities with a rate of 27. 5% African Americans have 13. 6% objet dart the whites have a dropout rate of 7. 9%.This is according to the 1993 survey although these rates have remained fairly incessant since then. (National Institute on the Education of At Risk Students, 1996) Having l ooked at the existing statistics, it is important to look at the reasons behind these statistics. There exists immense research on the causes of high school dropouts but it is important to steer out that they focus on a configuration of imports depending on the discipline. The ethnographic studies for example may focus on the issues of minorities and the social causes of their dropout.Attempts therefore to establish the particular factors are impeded by the existence of a large variety of factors that predict or puzzle out dropout behaviors, ranging from family background to school characteristics. (Richard, 2002, 120) Scholars however have observe that students drop out of schools either after being pushed out by the school environment or after being pulled away by factors beyond the school curriculum. (Jay W. , 1999). A survey conducted on the different reasons behind the high school drop out rates revolve around vague reasons such boring classes and hard exams.These thou gh are the cursor towards the major(ip) factors that contribute towards high school dropout rates. The causes range from pedantic challenges, economic, social and personal reasons One of the major push out cause of dropout of high school can be traced to the various schools requirements to undertake an locomote exam as the precondition for graduation. A look at the United States reveals that most states have regularize forth a requirement for a standardise test to mark the graduation of students from high school. draw exams were adopted to enable states to standardize their tests and upgrade their sheepskins. Where the merits of these exams have been widely noted, criticism has been leveled against them alleging that they exert too a lot pressure on the high school students. The underlying purpose of transcend exams is to see to it that the quality of the diploma is maintained, today however it is being seen as pushing students out of school, these critics rely upon the pus h-out-myth- the idea that requiring students to pass exit exams forces students to drop out of high school. (Jay P. , 2006, 127).The conclusion that stringent exam requirement may push students out of school has been reached after examining performance records and transcripts belonging to those that have dropped out. Studies have pointed out a streak of raunchy performance by most of them indicating a intelligence of hopelessness on the drop outs. Some students have blamed the dismal performance on the lose of motivation by their teachers. Another possible cause of school dropout is peer tempt. Peers are an important subdivision to the development of an individual and as easily as as culture agents.It has been established that the influence of the family to the life of adolescents is fast lessen and its place taken over by peers. The issue of how peers influence school drop out rate is broad and has been put in to be an important factor. civilize dropouts have claimed t o have been influenced by their peers to quit schools particularly for those that had non schooling friends. This is so as peer influence has been rig to either be a cum of motivation or discouragement. This has been problematic as most of these have plunged into the crime world led by their peers.Working students also find it hard to have it away with both tasks and most have even been found to give up education in the flavor that they will resume later. Un complementive parents have also been known to lead their children out of schools due to overlook of moral support. Just like there is no single cause behind the high rates of school dropouts, there is no single animate for the problem. It requires a multifaceted feeler that incorporates both students and the teachers. It has been found that most students drop out of schools to escape the burdensome nature of academics and exams.While it is not prudent to variety show the existing exams, it would be appropriate to put m easures to ensure that the tests would not be an excuse to drive students out of school. As Marvin (2003, 215) has pointed out, states should look for more ways to detect students at risk and consider instituting or adapting existing programs to support students before they drop out. The best approach hence would be to incorporate a support program to help students cope with the rising challenges.This should accommodate providing extra school tutoring and retake programs for students that perform dismally in the first attempts. This should also include introducing changes to the academic programs to ensure that they are more responsive and germane(predicate) to the student lives. The government also should roll out programs that aim towards sensitizing students on the need to gruntle in school. A number of factors that contribute to high rates of school dropout are social-psychological meaning that they can be eradicated through creation of awareness and widely distributed co unseling.It is also important to involve students in the butt against of policy making to ensure that their expectations and views are integrate and hence make them feel that they have a bigger stake in the school programs. hence there much has to be done to impose the number of students that fail to complete their high school. The dropout rates indicated above are worrisome. More also require to be done to bridge the dropout disparities across the racial groups. Students should be sensitized on the dangers of dropping out of schools especially as they are exposing themselves to the risks of unemployment as well as crime.