A Brief Note On Post Traumatic Stress Syndrome Essay

Article 1 Post-traumatic stress syndrome The question in this study was to identity the prognosticative nature of psychophysiological and responses to cortisol when introduced to in a Virtual reality(VR) environment. The research was the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) outcomes in a population of combat veterans from Operation Iraqi freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom, in which objectives were measured using a baseline cue-dependent physiological reaction. The 6 week design had 50 participates, in which a double blind, placebo-controlled study with screening in the assessment was used as the baseline. Hypothesizing that the subjects will respond best with the use of D-cycloserine. All participants underwent the VR exposure with 30 minutes prior usage of either 50 mg of D-cycloserine (DCS), 0.25mg of alprazolam(ALP), or a placebo. The VR was controlled by a computer monitor, as the patient experienced the system through auditory, visual, olfactory, and tactile stimulation. The therapist would present the stimuli that the patient would describe at the time and monitor the anxiety levels. The assessments were obtained by a specialist in PTSD, after the medications were out of the patients systems. Outcome of the research noted that cortisol levels changed as to opposite predications as in directional terms, time point differential and as well as in drug groups. Though the cortisol levels where not concurrent due to factors, such as hormonesShow MoreRelatedWorld At War, The 20th Century2947 Words   |  12 PagesHI270- World at War, The 20th Century Dr. Pursell July 02, 2015 The Name May Change, the Pain Remains the Same A HISTORY OF WARTIME POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS IN THE 20TH CENTURY ​ ​War takes a toll on those who fight, or are affected by it, this is undeniable. Over the course of the 20th Century, within the U.S. Military and Psychiatric Community the way that this effect is identified and treated has changed many times based on the conflict and the mindset of the American public. The purpose of thisRead MoreIn-Depth Study of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder2493 Words   |  10 PagesPOST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER ABSTRACT: This article represents an in-depth study of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, PTSD in a holistic context. The main focus of this research is on Post Traumatic Stress Disorder from the physiological perscective. PTSD is a response mechanism of the mind to an actual or perceived traumatic event. Research has shown that cognitive factors, anxeity, and injuries for example due to car crashes are linked to and often responsible for Post Traumatic Stress DisorderRead MoreA Report On Stockholm Syndrome3185 Words   |  13 Pagesindividual. One reaction to hostile kidnappings or hostage situations is the development of Stockholm syndrome. 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The disturbance is not due to the direct physiological effects of a substanceRead MoreThe Effects Of Emotional Dreams On Human Health And Motivation2225 Words   |  9 Pages When humans sleep, the brain is active at work. The average person dreams for about one hundred minutes per night, and spends approximately one-third of his or her life asleep. Although most dreams are brief, some can last for an hour or more (Dijk, 2010). Oftentimes, dreams take place in everyday settings and are usually unemotional. However, if emotional dreams occur, they tend to be negative, which accounts for about sixty-five percent of emotional dreams. Because dreams and sleep are vital toRead MoreEssay on Moral Implications of the Battered Woman Syndrome3168 Words   |  13 PagesMoral Implications of the Battered Woman Syndrome The Battered Woman Syndrome, like the Cycle Theory of Violence, helps to illuminate the situation of the person victimized by domestic violence. However, it may also contribute to the violence of the battering situation. In this paper, I explore some of the implications of the Battered Woman Syndrome for domestic violence cases wherein an abused woman kills her abuser. I begin by delineating some of the circumstances of a domestic violence situationRead MoreEssay on Dissociative Identity Disorder2044 Words   |  9 Pagesg., blackouts or chaotic behavior during Alcohol Intoxication) or a general medical condition (e.g. complex partial seizures). Note: In children, the symptoms are not attributable to imaginary playmates or other fantasy play† (Lyons Martin, 2011, p. 250). The individual may switch to another personality when experiencing stress. The switch can occur within a very brief amount of time. Some other symptoms may include conversion symptoms and headaches (Lyons Martin, p. 249). It seems that whenRead MoreThe Dangers Of Adolescent Substance Abuse3001 Words   |  13 Pagesits implications. Using dangerous substances when the brain is still undergoing development increases addiction and other catastrophic risks among young people. Substance abuse among young people in the metropolitan environments constitutes common syndromes that can greatly affect the individuals, families and societal health. In 2012, millions of teenagers were diagnosed with depression the cause of which is unrelated to substance abuse. In the same year, about 23 million Americans youths require someRead MoreIs The Cause Really Worth Fighting For?3566 Words   |  15 Pagesgoes through stress and neglect. These problems are not so detrimental because it all depends on how the body handles it. So for parents and caregivers who find it okay to put their older children through brief negative conditions because it is preparing them for a world of peace, love, and war, but most of all the unknown. Brief stress for children is not problematic, but â€Å"the body’s survival actually depends upon the ability to mount a response to stress.† It is only if the stress is prolongedRead MoreHow Society Views Mental Health Changed over Time3368 Words   |  14 Pagespatient it wouldn’t hurt at all. Something happened whereby the nurse couldn’t get the blood and had to re-attempt the procedure. The patient also experienced some pain during this procedure which she wasn’t expecting, the patient found this a quite traumatic experience The patient was elderly and appeared confused. The patient became anxious and next time a blood test was due became increasingly worried and reluctant to have the procedure. She appeared frightened of the needle What happened My initial

Sartre s Relationship Between Existentialism And Marxism

In Search for a Method, Sartre discusses the relationship between existentialism and Marxism. As according to Sartre, Marxism is the dominant philosophy in the current era, while existentialism is an ‘ideology’ attached parasitically to this theoretical foundation. Personally, as I read along, I get the impression that Sartre sees existentialism more as the savior of Marxism than a parasite. He has a disdain for what contemporary Marxists have become; he uses terms such as lazy, and stagnant to describe what has become Marxism. While he had some questions about Marx himself, he would argue that Marxism is the way forward, but not contemporary Marxism. Their interpretations of Marx is damaged by idealism and individualism. He highlights the case of the Soviet Union using Marxism as a tool to protect its policy and longevity. However, for Sartre, this is not what Marxism is about. Sartre talks about his own experience with Marxism, and how it along with reality affected him. He writes: â€Å"It was at about this time that I read Capital and German Ideology. I found everything perfectly clear, and I really understood absolutely nothing. To understand is to change, to go beyond oneself. This reading did not change me. By contrast, what change me was the reality of Marxism.† This paragraph leads me to think of my own experience. It wasn’t reading Marx nor class struggle, but ‘Sustainable Development’ and what Tourism was doing to Jamaica. During my undergraduate years, I readShow MoreRelatedExistentialism vs Essentialism23287 Words   |  94 PagesEssentialism vs. Existentialism Essentialism: A belief that things have a set of characteristics that make them what they are, amp; that the task of science and philosophy is their discovery amp; expression; the doctrine that essence is prior to existence While, Existentialism:A philosophical theory or approach, that emphasizes the existence of the individual person as a free amp; responsible agent, determining their own development through acts of the will. Existentialism * isRead MoreThe Crisis Of The Community, Its Dislocation, The Distress Of Most Of Its Members1655 Words   |  7 Pagesdragged up would have sent the neo-existentialists of the Cafe Flore into transports of delight.† (Le Marxisme apres Marx (1956—1965) This starts Lefebvre’s claim of Marxism, and how he sees philosophy: a perilous conscience on real life. Marxism and this view of philosophy situate Lefebvre within his intellectual context. Marxism is a process of socioeconomic analysis, stemming from German philosophers Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. They analyzed class relations and societal conflict using aRead MoreBranches of Philosophy8343 Words   |  34 Pagesworld. Traditional branches are cosmology and ontology. †¢ Epistemology is concerned with the nature and scope of knowledge, and whether knowledge is possible. Among its central concerns has been the challenge posed by skepticism and the relationships between truth, belief, and justification. †¢ Ethics, or moral philosophy, is concerned with questions of how persons ought to act or if such questions are answerable. The main branches of ethics are meta-ethics, normative ethics, and applied ethics

I Am A Christian Baptist - 981 Words

I am a Christian. Baptist to be more specific. I can not talk about my world view without talking about The Church. For you see, I am the Church. In the Bible, the word Ekklesia was used. Ekklesia means Church. In Matthew 16:18, Jesus says to Peter, â€Å"Now that I say to you that you are Peter(which means rock ), and upon this rock I will build my church, and all the powers of hell will not conquer it.† The Church was founded upon people. As Jesus traveled, he had a group of disciples. He knew that people are strongest in numbers and he would use people to start the Church. After all, the Church is not a building. The Church is the individual and group that serves God. This is what I believe as a Christian. I believe that I am a part of Church the people. The Church was an incredible movement to have started so many years ago and to still have such an impact today. This is because the Church is a dynamic and living being. I am grateful to be a part of the Church. I grew up in a Baptist Church that I attended with my family. My family was very involved with the church and so we spent a lot of time there. My brothers and I used to spend hours in that church helping out and simply running around as the little kids we were. Several years ago, we started attending a non-denominational church that met in a middle school because they had outgrown their building. The first service we went to, the pastor of the church announced his resignation. After that, a few other leaders leftShow MoreRelatedThe Definition Of Christianity Is A Religion1391 Words   |  6 Pagesus. I believe being a Christian consists of loving inward, outward and upward. I as that I never knew who God was growing up, but I always knew he existed. I am a courageous Christian woman that has been a Christian for almost three years now. I know now what it is like to live for God’s glory. Before I became a Christian I was a very lost soul. What I mean by this is, I lived a very hatefu l life. I hated me. I hated you. Most of all I hated God. How could God create someone like me? I am a heroinRead MoreBelief in One God Only Requires One Religion Essay example815 Words   |  4 Pages In my experience, simply stating I believe in God is not typically recognized to be a denominational preference. The expectation of believers is to choose a specific label of religion. Nevertheless, every denomination of Christianity shares belief in the same God. The varieties of Christianity hold individual perceptions of Christian requirements. For example, the Catholic denominations believe in infant Baptism. As oppose to, the Baptist belief of Baptism at an age of consent (www.answerbagRead MorePersonal Resume : The Salvation Experience953 Words   |  4 Pagesthe age of seven, while sitting in a Sunday school class, I accepted Jesus as my Savior and Lord. I became aware that I was a sinner and deserved Hell as punishment for my sin. I came to the point of knowledge that Jesus was the Son of God and was sent by God to pay the price for my sins. When the teacher said all we had to do is pray to God, admit our sins and ask Jesus to save us I did. On the authority of the Word of God, I know I put my trust in Jesus at that time for salvation. STATEMENTRead MoreJohn The Baptist Is Celebrated At St. John s Eve1394 Words   |  6 PagesJohn the Baptist is celebrated at St. John s Eve, which is usually celebrated on the same day as Midsummer or Litha. In this article we will be delving into the mystery of John the Baptist in both christianity and paganism. It s speculated wildly on him being based off an old pagan god, Oannes. Therefore we will be looking at the history of both gods and both religions. We will also be looking at similarities and inequalities. John the Baptist and Oannes John the Baptist baptized people beforeRead MoreBuilding A Relationship With California Baptist University- Mba Program995 Words   |  4 Pagesthe storms. Throughout my life, I have positioned myself to succeed regardless of the opposition. That has been the story since day one: my father being in and out of prison, moving from state to state, and never settling in one spot for too long. I joined the United States Marine Corps as soon as it was legal, in order to position myself in the direction of success. I have done well; I have gotten myself out of Baltimore City, I have started a wonderful family, and I no longer have the oppositionRead MoreChurches Should Not Be Divided1300 Words   |  6 Pagesvalues in Christianity is to love one another like Christ loved us, but us as Christians can’t even seem to love each other in our own churches. Let alone other churches. In a world already divided so greatly, we as Christians should strive to establish more unity and do away with so much division within our own churches. Let’s face it, Christians don’t necessarily have the best rep. There are major news stories of Christian bakers refusing to bake a cake for a same-sex couple. You can watch videosRead MoreBaptist Churches Essay1309 Words   |  6 PagesBaptist Churches Calvary Baptist Church, that’s the name of the church I recently attended, and although it was a lot different from my own catholic faith, I enjoyed it very much. The Pastor, Sergio Reyes, started out the service with an opening prayer which led us into a hymn about America and how wonderful our country is. Most of the songs we sang were about America, considering the fact that Independence Day was right around the corner. After a few songs and a few prayers Pastor Reyes gotRead MoreI Volunteered At Chiefland Elementary School863 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Service Learning Project† I volunteered at Chiefland Elementary School, under Ms. Sidorenko’s supervision. After doing my twenty hours of volunteering at Chiefland Elementary School, I have gained new knowledge on how religion works in schools. If you grew up in a small town area like I did, you would know that religion around here is not a touchy subject with many people. Many faculty administrators who work in the school system happen to be Baptists or Christians. Therefore, people are able toRead MoreHow Does Fundamentalism Affect Our Modern Day Society?1402 Words   |  6 Pagesand groups such as John Nelson Darby, William Bell Riley, and one group that, been in the news a lot lately, Westboro Baptist Church. The members of Westboro Baptist Church are known in modern day as a group of people known for hate speeches against homosexual, Jews, and politicians. The definition of fundamentalism could lead one to believe that the members of the Westboro Baptist Church are in fact fundamentalists; howeve r, they are just the opposite of that. When thinking about fundamentalism andRead MoreI Am The Way, And The Truth1503 Words   |  7 PagesI am the way, and the truth, and the life. No one comes to the Father except through me -John 14:6. This is the creed for Houston Baptist University. Growing up in a religious household and strong church family, this is how I proceed in everyday life. I was taught that God is a guiding light, something essential for a first year college student with responsibilities and new beginnings. This idealistic perception on life, its broad history and facts, clear components when attending the school, and

Gmat Statement of Purpose Free Essays

STATEMENT OF PURPOSE Finance, as a field, had always fascinated me right from my undergraduate college days. I believe my penchant for this field stems from the fact that Finance runs in my family. My grandfather was an accountant, my mother is a postgraduate in economics and my father has a keen interest in keeping up-to-date with the markets. We will write a custom essay sample on Gmat Statement of Purpose or any similar topic only for you Order Now During my days at Engineering College I used to help my father to manage his portfolio of equities and other financial instruments. This was the time I learnt the first lesson of finance from my father i. e. risks and returns are proportionate. In 2001 the Indian stock market crashed. But fortunately, my father had a well-diversified portfolio because of which our returns were protected from the downside risk. This was when I learnt the second principle of finance from my father i. e. diversification reduces risk. While I understood these two principles intuitively, it produced in me a strong urge to learn and understand the complex theory behind the working of Finance. This, I believe, was a turning point in my career. I made up my mind to pursue a career in Finance and hence decided to do a Masters program in Commerce. Good academic performance in my school and college, active participation in academic as well as extra curricular activities have helped to develop strong quantitative and analytical abilities and good leadership and communication skills. These have prepared me to handle complex problems and have given me the confidence to pursue graduate studies. To achieve my career goals, I need to learn about current developments and techniques in finance, financial markets and financial applications and acquire hands-on experience of financial analysis. A Master’s Degree will provide me with theoretical understanding, an in depth idea of practical approaches in aiding managerial decision-making and research skills to enable me to develop an expertise in the core areas of financial strategies and global corporate financial operations. In India with the onset of liberalization since 1991 and deregulation of the interest rates, the Indian corporations and financial institutions are exposed to various kinds of risks. The Government and the Reserve Bank of India have initiated appropriate reforms to develop derivatives markets and financial markets on the whole. This has suddenly increased the demand for professionals who can not only understand but also develop new financial instruments to evaluate and hedge the risk. I believe that in order to use financial engineering pro-actively and dynamically for optimum hedging, a finance professional should be well versed with the mathematics that underlies the financial theory. In the future I see myself, as a Finance professional, designing structured financial products by incorporating cutting edge methodologies and sophisticated tools in order to cater to the above mentioned requirements. To achieve this I would like to gain exposure to the latest practices adopted in the field of Finance and Risk Management. To this end I would want to work with a leading investment bank or in the treasury of a commercial bank, which would enable me to help corporations manage their risks. I believe that my educational background has instilled in me the qualities required to meet the rigor of this demanding profession. Graduation in Engineering (Computer Science) has provided a strong foundation in Mathematics and Computer Programming. Mathematics was one subject in which I had always excelled right from my school days. During the course of my Engineering education I took up a project with WIPRO Technologies. This project, which I was offered, required extensive use of C programming language. This project, for the first time gave me a real world experience of programming. This association helped a lot in consolidating my programming skills, especially in C-language. Thus, it inculcated in me problem solving and analytical abilities. I strongly feel that the MCom program specializing in Finance at The Universityis a highly structured program because it provides the right balance between theory and practice. I bring along a strong grasp of fundamentals in Engineering and Mathematics, a penchant for teamwork and leadership and a zest for challenges. I would like to take with me in addition to the knowledge of the latest theory and practices in the field of Engineering, a network of strong and lasting relationships with my teachers and fellow-students. I hope my background and qualifications are found suitable for admission to the MCom program at The University. How to cite Gmat Statement of Purpose, Papers

Hinduism, Buddism, And Confucianism Essay Example For Students

Hinduism, Buddism, And Confucianism Essay Hinduism, Buddism, And Confucianism Essay: A Comparison Hinduism, as well as Buddism, both came into existence in India. Both religions are similar in many ways. The religions both believe in reincarnation and that the specific purpose of their teachings is to escape this cycle. Buddhism is founded on the teachings of the Budda. He lived about 2500 years ago in India. There is no Bible of Buddism. The teachings of Budda were never written down until about 300 years after his death. Therefore, his teachings have been handed down by word of mouth. Budda was a noble man who gave up his riches to seek enlightenment. Buddism is based on his experience of Nirvana or enlightenment. His teachings are shown in the four noble truths and the eighfold path. Buddism has split into several sects by they have the same basic beliefs. Hinduism is an ancient religion. It has no known founder. It has several holy books. The most important of these is the Vedas, a collection of hymns. Hinduism like buddism believes in reincarnation. The goal of this religion is also to escape the birth-death cycle. Through Hinduism the entire Indian social structure was formed by creating the caste system. The major difference between Buddism and Hinduism is that Hindus believe in a god. Brahman is the spirit that encompasses all living things. There are several lesser gods who are believed to be incarnates of Brahman. Confucianism is a religious philosophy formed by the Chinese philosopher Kung-fu-Tsu. This philosophy came out of need during the warring states period of Chinese history. Kung-fu-Tsu was a teacher at the hundred schools. His prime concern was the improvement of society. Confucianism has no gods, and the only written history of this religion is in the Analects, a collection of his responses to his disciples questions. Kung-fu-Tsu believed that the improvement of society was the responsibility of the ruler and that the quality of government depended on the rulers moral character. This new way meant concern for others and adherance to the golden rule. Confucianism has had a greater and longer lasting influence on China than that of any other religious philosophy. All religions have a specific purpose, which is usually the betterment of society or of oneself. Religions grow out of need for greater understanding of what we are and how we got here. Most religions judge a man by his morality. Through this the man is either rewarded or punished for his deeds. Religion is used in all cultures to try and convince men of what is right or wrong and carries penalties that are greater than earthly treasures. Religion Essays .

Marketing Quiz Essay Example

Marketing Quiz Essay University of the Southern Caribbean School of Business Principles of Marketing Take Home Assignment on Chapter 13-16 Name: __________________________________ ID_______________________ DATE__________ We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Quiz specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Quiz specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Quiz specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Refer to the scenario below to answer the following questions. Section  1. In the 1970s, Shipshewana was only a small town with a hardware store, a grain mill, a shoe store, a small restaurant, and a grocery store. Over the next two decades, the small town transformed into an international tourist attraction, attracting thousands of tourists who are intrigued with the lifestyle of Shipshewanas largest population the Amish. Ben and Mary Miller, having grown up within the Amish faith, decided to capitalize on their towns popularity and their woodworking skills. Their shop, Indiana Wood, began with a small display of handmade hickory rocking chairs, Ben Millers specialty. But within a few months, the display at Indiana Wood included picnic tables, flower boxes, and small handmade novelty items. No other shop offers the same. Mary Miller decorated the shops display room with authentic Amish decor and eventually hired three Amish friends to sew and embroider napkins and other textiles per customer request. In addition, two women from the Amish community sought permission from the Millers to display home-baked pastries and jellies on Tuesdays and Wednesdays, the towns busiest tourist days, when Shipshewana attracts swarms of visitors to its flea market on the south edge of town. Shipshewana is full of specialty shops, Mary Miller stated. People dont come here to buy things made in China or Taiwan. They want real, Amish-made goods. 1. Indiana Wood is best classified as a(n) ________ retailer. A) full-service B) self-service C) limited-service D) discount E) off-price 2. Which of the following is most critical to Indiana Woods success? A) place B) price C) differentiation D) store atmosphere E) services mix 3. The Amish decor and shop workers give customers an authentic impression of the pride and skill built into the shops products. These aspects also contribute to the stores ________. A) product assortment B) services mix C) atmosphere D) segmentations E) targeting 4. Which of the following would be the most logical way for Indiana Wood to expand? A) establishing an online presence B) pursuing retail convergence C) implementing RFID inventory tracking D) establishing a community-gathering environment in the store E) joining a producers cooperative Refer to the scenario below to answer the following questions. John Mayes opened Sparkle Janitorial in 1999. John began by acquiring two contracts for office cleaning services from two local manufacturing facilities. For two years, John and his wife, Barb, performed the cleaning services alone. After acquiring three additional cleaning contracts in 2001, John hired two employees. Up to that point, we had room to grow but we really had no advertising plan, John stated. We were relying mostly on word-of-mouth. By 2003, Barb hired another two full-time employees to begin Sparkles new endeavor: carpet cleaning in homes and offices. Competition was getting tough for both of our services at that point, Barb added. We ran a local radio spot three times each week. Then we had an advertiser print coupons on placemats. That gave us a little more exposure. John and Barb Mayes admit that they never realized the value of a sound promotional plan before now. We wish we would have put together so mething catchy with a jingle way before now, they said. 5. Which of the following would be the LEAST effective way for John and Barb to reach new potential customers? A) word-of-mouth influence B) buzz marketing C) public relations D) network television advertising E) direct marketing 6. In a recent radio spot, John and Barb gave a quick explanation of Sparkles cleaning process and a description of the value consumers receive for their money. This is an example of a(n) ________. A) emotional appeal B) standard appeal C) rational appeal D) moral appeal E) social appeal Most of the clientele at Second Avenue have learned about the store through word-of-mouth communication. This small retailer of quality second-hand childrens clothing thrives on the sale of a vast inventory of childrens clothing placed there on consignment. Because small children grow so quickly, Second Avenues owner commented, they often outgrow many of their clothes before theyve hardly been worn! Second Avenue provides a way for people to sell their childrens clothing, earn a few dollars, and buy the next larger size. Were extremely picky about the condition of the clothing we stock, the owner stated, but we sell most items at a 60 percent discount. 7. Which of the following media options would MOST benefit Second Avenues promotional efforts given the stores limited budget? A) periodic advertising in a local newspaper B) daily advertisements on a local radio station C) weekly commercials during the local evening news D) a billboard placed on the interstate E) a link on the citys Chamber of Commerce Web site 8. Second Avenue wants to create a postcard to be sent to local families with young children. The postcard will include information about the stores typical inventory, store hours, and directions. Which of the following format elements can make the biggest difference in the success or failure of the direct mailing? A) copy B) headline C) illustration D) font E) color 9. The owner of Second Avenue wants to establish a community clothing drive to collect clothes for a local childrens shelter. The owner will set up collection barrels outside Second Avenue. Which of the following public relations tools is the owner using? A) press relations B) product publicity C) lobbying D) development E) public affairs 10. At Finleys Fine Goods, members of the sales force and marketing epartment tend to have disagreements when things go wrong with a customer. The marketers blame the salespeople for poorly executing their strategies, while the salespeople blame the marketers for being out of touch with the customer. Which of the following steps should upper-level management at Finleys Fine Goods take to help bring the sales and marketing functions closer together? A) establish a customer sales force structure B) establish a complex sales force structure C) appoint a new sales force manager D) adopt a sales force automation system E) appoint a chief revenue officer 11. Ultra-Tech, Inc. as decided to switch to a customer sales force structure. Which of the following advantages is the company now LEAST likely to enjoy? A) The company can become more customer-focused. B) The company can better serve different industries. C) The company can build closer relationships with important customers. D) The company can better serve current customers and find new customers. E) The company can expect salespeople to develop in-depth knowledge of numerous and complex product lines. 12. Johnson Business Solutions, Inc. , maintains one sales force for its copy machines and a separate sales force for its computer systems. Johnson Business Solutions utilizes a ________ structure. A) product sales force B) customer sales force C) territorial sales force D) a combination of B and C E) complex sales force 13. Morrill Motors splits the United States into 10 sales regions. Within each of those regions, the company maintains two sales teams? one for existing customers and one for prospects. What type of sales force structure does Morrill Motors use? A) territorial B) product C) customer D) complex E) workload 14. An IBM sales representative is giving a product demonstration to a Best Buy representative. Assisting with the demonstration are an engineer, a financial analyst, and an information systems specialist. If IBM wins the Best Buy account, then all four IBM representatives will service the Best Buy account. This is an example of ________. A) team selling B) territorial selling C) inside selling D) prospecting E) sales promoting 15. Sales have been slow recently at B B Materials, so management has organized a training program to improve the performance of its sales force. Which of the following would most likely lead to improved sales for B B Materials? A) tests to measure the analytic and organizational skills of the sales force B) information about the marketing strategies used by competitors C) tests to identify the personality traits of sales force members D) a time-and-duty analysis for each salesperson E) instructions on completing expense reports 16. The CEO of Comfy Carpet, Rick Hadley, was skeptical about Web-based training until his sales manager explained that online training is ________. A) time consuming and difficult to use B) used by all small companies C) dynamic and interactive D) cost competitive and efficient E) useful to customers 17. At Deck Decor, a manufacturer of outdoor furniture and accessories, the marketing and sales force objectives are to grow relationships with existing customers and to acquire new business. Which of the following compensation plans should management establish to encourage the sales force to pursue both of these objectives? A) straight salary B) straight commission C) salary plus bonus for new accounts D) commission plus bonus for new accounts E) salary plus commission plus bonus for new accounts 18. Mary Conti is sales manager for National Computer Training. She wants to evaluate the performance of her sales force that is responsible for the New England territory. Mary will most likely review all of the following in her evaluation EXCEPT ________. A) call plans B) sales reports C) call reports D) expense reports E) territorial sales and profit reports 19. The sales force of Conway Pools has qualified a number of leads. Which of the following will most likely occur next? A) The outside sales force will call on all prospects. B) The outside sales force will close the deal with one of the prospects. C) The outside sales force will learn as much as possible about the prospects. D) The inside sales force will attend meetings with qualified prospects. E) The inside sales force will put together a presentation for the prospects. Section 2 1. The wheel-of-retailing concept deals mainly with wholesalers rolling out reduced service levels. 2. The life cycle of new retail forms is getting longer. 3. Unlike mass marketers, niche marketers expect to see continued growth in their online sales. 4. Retail convergence means greater competition for retailers and greater difficulty in differentiating offerings. 5. The number of retailers creating communities for their customers is declining. 6. Like retailers, a wholesaler must decide on segmentation and targeting, differentiation and positioning, and the marketing mix. 7. In an automated warehouse, orders are fed directly from the retailers information system to the wholesalers, and the items are picked up by mechanical devices and taken to a shipping platform 8. The distinction between large retailers and large wholesalers is becoming blurred. 9. Mass marketers can expect consumers to distinguish between commercial message sources to maintain a clear image of a company and its brands. 10. The integrated marketing concept ties together all of the companys messages and images. 11. Integrated marketing communications allows brand messages to be developed by different departments within an organization. 12. A marketing communications director has overall responsibility for the companys communications efforts. 13. The communications process should start with mass media advertising to reach many consumers. 14. The four major communication functions are encoding, decoding, response, and noise. 15. Encoding is the process by which the receiver assigns meaning to symbols. 16. Decoding is the process of putting thought into symbolic form. 17. Awareness, knowledge, and preparation are buyer-readiness stages. 18. Teaser advertising is most closely associated with the buyer-readiness stage of liking a product. 19. There are three types of appeal from which marketers may choose as they design their message content. These types are rational, emotional, and moral appeals. 20. The Stop. Think. Tylenol. ad is an example of a moral appeal. 21. Although television advertising is expensive for corporations, the cost per exposure is relatively low. 22. Direct mail is one of the least expensive media on a per exposure basis. 23. The communication effects of advertisements and ad campaigns are more difficult to measure than the sales and profit effects. 24. In small and large companies, advertising is typically handled by an individual or team in the sales department. 25. Todays advertising agencies are staffed with specialists who can often perform advertising tasks better than a producer or retailers own employees can. 26. Recently, the increased use of online social networks and video sharing has reduced the need for advertising standardization for global brands. 27. Since China has lifted many of its international trade restrictions, corporations such as McDonalds and Coca- Cola now have only limited censorship rules governing their TV and radio advertising. 28. In an attempt to change the perception that milk was unhealthy, the National Fluid Milk Processors Education Program established an advertising campaign featuring celebrities with milk mustaches and the tag line Got Milk? 29. A company typically spends comparable budgets on public relations and advertising. 30. A companys Web site can be an important public relations vehicle. 31. What types of products may be sold through category killers? 32. What types of products do specialty stores carry? Give an example of a specialty store. 34. Describe the differences between chain stores and franchises. 35. Describe public relations and three of its main functions. 36. Identify four of the major media types and identify some of the strengths and weaknesses of each type. 37. Why do many companies invest in ongoing training for their salespeople? 38. Compare the four types of compensation plans available to salespeople. 39. Name and define the four major communication functions. 40. Explain how advertising may change as a product moves from the introductory stage to the growth stage of the product life cycle.

Commonly Confused Homophones Fir and Fur

Commonly Confused Homophones Fir and Fur The words fir and fur  are  homophones: they sound alike but have different meanings. The noun fir refers to an evergreen tree with needle-shaped leaves. The noun fur refers to the soft, hairy coat of an animal or to a garment made of fur. Examples In an area where spruce and fir mingle with quaking aspen, in a cool shady well-watered place, I discover a blue columbine, rarest and loveliest of mountain flowers. (Edward Abbey)The longing for the silences of the Cascades, the smell of fir boughs at night, the touch of the chinook as it blew over the ridges -   these longings were almost irresistible in the oppressiveness of my New York City rooming house. (William O. Douglas)The main target of the fur trade initially was the beaver, whose soft fur was hammered and compressed to make felt hats for the European gentry. (Miron Heinselman)In winter, to keep out the pervasive Low Countries chill, men and women alike donned elegant fur-lined dressing gowns that were worn over all the other clothing at home and at the place of work. (Mike Dash) Practice Exercise (a) A cool evening breeze brought with it the smell of _____ trees and wild honeysuckle.(b) Beavers need a thick _____ coat to maintain an adequate body temperature in winter. Answers to Practice Exercise (a) A cool evening breeze brought with it the smell of  fir  trees and wild honeysuckle. (b) Beavers need a thick  fur  coat to maintain an adequate body temperature in winter.